Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Ceza Sorumluluğu Raporlarına Bakış: Kesitsel Araştırma
An Overview of Criminal Responsibility Reports in the Light of Supreme Court Decisions: Cross-Sectional Research
Nevin CAVLAKa
aYozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp ABD, Yozgat, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(1):46-52
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2022-94678
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Yargıtay kararlarında, ceza sorumluluğu raporları istem nedenleri ve raporlarda görülen eksikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yargıtayın karar arama sitesinde (https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/) 'cezai ehliyet', 'fiilin hukuki anlam ve sonuçları', 'davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneği' anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak arama işlemi yapıldı. Türk Ceza Kanunu kapsamındaki suçlara konu olan ceza sorumluluğu raporları hakkında hükümler içeren 530 karar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Bulgular: Mal varlığına karşı suçların (%50,6; n=268) en sık dava konusu olduğu, bunu hürriyete karşı suçların (%24; n=127) takip ettiği görüldü. En sık bozma gerekçesinin, sanığın hastalık raporları olmasına rağmen ceza sorumluluğu raporu isteminin yapılmaması (%26; n=138) olduğu, ikinci sıklıkla bozma gerekçesinin ise dava konusu suçla ilgili alınan ceza sorumluluğu raporları arasında çelişkiler saptanması olduğu (%17,3; n=92) görüldü. Akıl hastalığı kapsamında alınan tek hekim ceza sorumluluğu raporlarıyla kurulan hükümlerin bozulduğu belirlendi. Kararlar rapor istem yerleri açısından incelendiğinde; en sık bir yer belirtilmeden rapor alınması (%32,5; n=172) ifadesinin kullanıldığı görüldü. Sonuç: Ceza sorumluluğu raporlarının isteminde, suçlanan kişiye ait tıbbi belgeler, varsa askerlik kayıtları, eski dava dosyalarındaki ceza sorumluluğu raporlarının, bilirkişinin incelemesine sunulması gerektiği, hazırlanacak raporlarda; suç tarihi, olayla ilgili tüm suçlar ve akıl hastalığı nedeniyle ceza sorumluluğunun etkilendiği kararı verilmişse, bunun önemli derecede olup olmadığının belirtilmesi gerektiği, akıl hastalığı iddiası kapsamındaki raporların heyet şeklinde alınması gerektiği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Adli psikiyatri; suç; sorumluluk; akıl hastalığı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study, it was aimed to determine the reasons for requesting criminal responsibility reports in Supreme Court decisions and the deficiencies in the reports. Material and Methods: A search was made on the decision search website of the Supreme Court of Appeals at https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/ using the keywords 'criminal responsibility', 'legal meaning and consequences of the act', 'the ability to direct their behavior'. 530 decisions containing provisions on criminal responsibility reports, which are the subject of crimes within the scope of the Turkish Penal Code, were included in the study. Results: Crimes against property (50.6%; n=268) were the most common subject of lawsuits, followed by crimes against freedom (24%; n=127). It was observed that the most common reason for the reversal was that the request for a criminal responsibility report was not made despite the defendant's illness reports (26%; n=138), the second most frequent reason for the reversal was contradictions between reports received for the same lawsuit (17.3%; n=92). It was observed that the single doctor reports received within the scope of mental illness were reversed. When the decisions are examined in terms of report request places; It was seen that the expression of getting a report without specifying a place (32.5%; n=172) was used most frequently. Conclusion: It was concluded that the defendant's medical documents, military service records if any, and criminal responsibility reports in old case files should be submitted to the expert at the request of criminal responsibility reports, in the reports to be prepared, indicated the criminal date, and all crimes related to the incident, if it is decided the affected by criminal responsibility due to mental illness, be stated whether this is a significant degree or not, and the reports within the mental illness claim should be taken in the form of a committee.

Keywords: Forensic psychiatry; crime; responsibility; mental illness
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