Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Video Yardımcı Hakem Uygulamasının Hakem Kararları Üzerine Etkileri: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
The Effects of Video Assistant Referee Implementation on Referee Decisions: Descriptive Research
Ali IŞINa
aAkdeniz Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Antalya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(2):237-42
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-94757
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Video yardımcı hakem uygulaması, futbolda hakem tarafından verilen kararların yeniden incelenmesine olanak tanıyan bir sistemdir ve 2019 yılından itibaren Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma, video yardımcı hakem uygulamasının Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde hakem kararları üzerindeki ektiklerine odaklanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2019-2020 (n=119), 2020-2021 (n=125) ve 2021-2022 (n=125) sezonlarında, Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde oynanan toplam 369 maç araştırmaya dâhil edildi ve hakemlerin verdikleri ya da vermedikleri kırmızı kart, gol ve penaltı kararları analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz, Jamovi istatistik yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve ortalama, standart sapma ve yüzde olarak sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Video yardımcı hakem, 2019-2020 sezonunda maç başına ortalama 0,23, 2020-2021 sezonunda maç başına ortalama 0,30 ve 2021-2022 sezonunda maç başına ortalama 0,37 kez devreye girmiştir. Her sezon video yardımcı hakem incelemesi sonrasında hakemlerin değiştirdiği karar sayısı bir önceki sezona kıyasla artsa da bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (χ2:3,721, p=0,156). Ayrıca 369 Şampiyonlar Ligi maçının %75,3'üne video yardımcı hakem hiç müdahale etmemişken, %24,7'sine en az 1 kez müdahale ederek hakemlerin kararlarını değiştirmesine neden olmuştur. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucu, video yardımcı hakem uygulamasının her geçen yıl hakemlerin kararlarını daha fazla etkilediğini göstermektedir. Özellikle verilen ve verilmeyen gol ve penaltı kararları birçok maç sonucunun farklı bitmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle Şampiyonlar Ligi gibi üst düzey turnuvaların tüm aşamalarında video yardımcı hakem uygulamasının kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Video yardımcı hakem; hakem kararı; futbol
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Video assistant referee implementation is a system used to review referee decisions in football and has been used in the Champions League since 2019. This research focused on the impact of video assistant referee implementation on referee decisions in the Champions League. Material and Methods: A total of 369 Champions League matches in the 2019-2020 (n=119), 2020-2021 (n=125) and 2021-2022 (n=125) seasons were included in the study and red card, goal and penalty decisions were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Jamovi statistical software and presented as mean, standard deviation and percentage. Results: In the 2019-2020 season, the video assistant referee was used on average 0.23 times per match, in the 2020-2021 season 0.30 times per match and in the 2021-2022 season 0.37 times per match. Although the number of decisions changed by referees after the introduction of the video assistant referee increased in each season compared to the previous season, this increase was not statistically significant (χ2:3.721, p=0.156). In addition, in 75.3% of the 369 Champions League matches, video assistant referee did not intervene at all, while in 24.7% it intervened at least once, causing referees to change their decisions. Conclusion: This research results show that video assistant referees' implementation has more and more influence on the referees' decisions with each passing year. Especially the given and not given goals and penalty decisions lead to many matches ending differently. For this reason, it is recommended to use the video assistant referee implementation at all stages of high-level tournaments such as the Champions League.

Keywords: Video assistant referee; referee decision; football
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