Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Uzun Mesafe Koşucularında Alt Ekstremite Yaralanmaları ve Risk Faktörleri
Lower Extremity Injuries and Risk Factors in Long Distance Runners
Celal BULĞAYa, Özlem ORHANb, Ebru ÇETİNa
aGazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi Spor Öğretmenliği, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bGazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2020;12(3):413-20
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-74959
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Araştırmanın amacı; uzun mesafe koşucularında alt ekstremite yaralanmaları ve bunlara neden olabilecek risk faktörlerini incelemektir. Koşu, tüm yaş gruplarında yüz binlerin ilgisini çeken dünyadaki en popüler spor dallarından biridir. Yaralanma riski değerlendirildiğinde, koşucuların yaklaşık %50'sinin her yıl birden fazla yaralanma geçirdiği bilinmektedir. Yaralanmaların öyküsü ve nedenleri hakkında daha çok bilgi sahibi olunması, pek çok koşucu için önleyici bir etken olması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, uzun mesafe koşucularının en çok yaralanma geçirdikleri alt ekstremite ile ilgili potansiyel risk faktörleri hakkında PubMed, Google Akademik veri tabanları ile kongre kitapçıklarından ulaşılabilen bilgiler toplanarak özetlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; ilgili literatür incelendiğinde uzun mesafe koşucularında akut ve kronik olarak diz, ayak ve ayak bileği lokasyonlarının bildirilen en yaygın yaralanmalar olduğu söylenebilir. Bunlara ek olarak 'hamstring' yaralanmaları ise tipik olarak akuttur ve arka uylukta, ani ve keskin ağrılara sebep olabilmektedir. Koşucuların yaralanmalarına neden olan risk faktörleri; yaş, cinsiyet, anatomik faktörler, vücut ağırlığı, kas esnekliğinin yetersizliği, yaralanmalardan sonra erken antrenmana başlama, yorgunluk, kötü zemin şartları, hava koşulları, uygun olmayan spor ayakkabı, uzun süre antrenman (mesafe/km), bilinçsiz uygulanan antrenman protokolleri, ağrıyı görmezden gelmek, sık aralıklarla yapılan yarışmalar, azalmış kas gücü, aşırı kullanım, yetersiz dinlenme, spor deneyimi ve geçmiş yaralanma öyküleri olarak söylenebilir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, uzun mesafe koşucuları ve antrenörleri için yaralanmaların önlenmesi ve koruyucu tedbirler açısından önemli bir veri kaynağı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uzun mesafe koşucuları; yaralanma; alt ekstremite; risk faktörleri
ABSTRACT
 The aim of the present study is investigate lower extremity injuries and risk factors that may cause them in long distance running. Running is one of the most popular sports worldwide, with running events attracting hundreds of thousands of runners of all age groups. When the risk of injury is evaluated, it is known that approximately 50% of runners experience more than one disability each year. It is extremely important to know more about the history and causes of injuries, as it is a preventive factor for many runners. The study has been summarized by gathering the information about the potential risk factors related to the lower extremity, which the longdistance runners experience most disability, from the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and congress booklets. In conclusion, both acute and chronic knee, foot and ankle injuries are the most common injuries reported by long distance runners. Hamstring injuries are typically acute resulting in a sudden, sharp pain in the posterior thigh. Risk factors that cause runners' injuries; age, gender, anatomical factors, body weight, insufficient muscle flexibility, starting early training after injuries, fatigue, poor ground conditions, temperature, inappropriate footwear, long-term training (distance/km), unconscious training protocols, ignoring pain, frequent competitions, decreased muscle strength, overuse, inadequate rest, sports experience and history of the previous injuries. In line with the findings obtained, it is thought that it will be an important data source for long distance runners and coaches in terms of preventing injuries and preventive measures.

Keywords: Long distance runners; injury; lower extremity; risk factors
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-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

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Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

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Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

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