Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

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Türkiye'de Şartlı Sağlık Yardımları: Yoksullara Yönelik Bir Politikanın Analizi Üzerine Metodolojik Bir Çalışma
Conditional Health Benefits in Türkiye: A Methodological Study on Analysing a Policy for the Poor
Canan ÇINARa , Yasemin AKBULUTa
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetim Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(3):616-27
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2024-102704
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Yoksulluk kavramının, dünyada kronik bir sorun hâline gelmesi yoksulluk ile mücadelede yoğunlukla kullanılan sosyal yardımları akla getirmektedir. Sağlık ve yoksulluk arasındaki güçlü ilişkinin varlığı, yoksullara yönelik yapılan sağlık politikalarını da etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye'de yoksullara yönelik uygulanan Şartlı Sağlık Yardımları (ŞSY) politikasının analiz edilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nitel araştırma yaklaşımı doğrultusunda tasarlanan bu çalışmada, verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi yönteminden faydalanılmış ve politika belgelerinin incelenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, 2001- 2022 yıllarında yayımlanan 19 politika belgesi araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada benimsenen tümevarımsal yaklaşım doğrultusunda, tüm belgeler tümevarımsal kodlar kullanılarak tematik çerçevede incelenmiştir. Fairclough ve Fairclough tarafından geliştirilen şablonlar kullanılarak oluşturulan temalar, araştırmada görsel olarak sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmada, politika belgelerinden sağlıkta yapılan yardımlarda şartlılığın doğrulandığı ve bu şartlılık ilkesinin programın başarısı için önemli bir husus olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, şartlılık unsurunun, ailelerde çocuklarını düzenli sağlık kontrolüne götürmeleri konusunda olumlu davranış değişikliği sağladığı saptanmıştır. 2016 yılında 119.303 kadın gebelik yardımı, 42.765 kadın lohusalık yardımı ve 67.133 kadın ise doğum yardımı almıştır ve aynı yılda aktarılan toplam kaynak miktarı ise 21,62 milyon Türk Lirası'dır. Sonuç: ŞSY'nin yoğun olarak yapıldığı bölgelerde sağlık kurumlarına yapılacak yardımların önceliklendirilmesi ve kurum çalışanlarının ŞSY konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Program kapsamında hedeflenen argümanların başarısının sağlanması için yapılan yardımların etkinlikleri politikanın her aşamasında belirli aralıklarla izlenmeli ve değerlendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Politika analizi; sağlık politikası; şartlı sağlık yardımları; sosyal koruma; yoksulluk
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The concept of poverty has become a chronic problem in the world brings to mind the social benefits which are a common method of combating poverty. The existence of a strong link between health and poverty affects health policies for the poor. The aim of this research analyzed the Conditional Health Benefits (CHB) policy for the poor in Türkiye. Material and Methods: In this research, designed in line with qualitative research approachdocument examination method used for the collection of data and content analysis method used in the examination of policy documents. Accordingly, 19 policy documents published between 2001 and 2022. All documents were analyzed by thematic framework through using an inductive research approach and inductive codes. The determinated themes presented visually in this research through templates developed by Fairclough and Fairclough (2012). Results: It was determined in this study that the conditionality confirmed in health aids from the policy documents and has an important aspect of the for an accomplishment of the program. In this study, it has been found that with conditionality provides positive behavior change in families to take their children to regular health check-up. In 2016, it was determined that 119,303 maternity assistance, 42,765 postpartum assistance, 67,133 birth assistance received by woman and the total amount of resources transferred 21,62 million Turkish Liras. Conclusion: This study was recommended to invest in the institutions which providing health services in the regions where CHB applied and raise awareness of employees on this issue. It is required to assess and monitor the effectiveness of the assistance at every stage of policy for provided ensure the success of the targeted arguments within the program.

Keywords: Policy making; health policy; conditional health benefits; social protection; poverty
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