Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Türkiye'de Hemşirelik Alanında Astımlı Çocuklarla İlgili Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Analysis of Postgraduate Thesis About Asthmatic Children in Nursing Field in Turkey
Erdal AKDENİZa, Selma ÖNCELb
aHemşirelik Bölümü, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Yüksekokulu, Kırşehir, TÜRKİYE
bHalk Sağlığı Hemşireliği AD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2019;11(2):176-89
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2018-61506
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bu sistematik çalışmada, çocuklarda astım konusunda hemşireler tarafından yapılan lisansüstü çalışmaların incelenerek konu alanlarını ve özelliklerini belirlemek ve hemşirelerin uygulamada kullanabileceği sonuçları ortaya çıkararak bu alanda yapılacak yeni araştırmalara yol gösterici olması amaçlanmıştır. Sistematik analiz/derleme olan bu araştırmada, Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu başkanlığı ulusal tez merkezi veri tabanı kullanılarak çocuklarda astım ile ilgili tüm tezler 15 Aralık 2017-15 Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında taranmıştır. Tarama yapılan veri tabanında 332 teze ulaşılmıştır. Dâhil etme ve dışlama kriterlerine göre çalışmalar değerlendirilmiş ve kriterlere uyan sekiz tez çalışmaya alınmıştır. Tezlerin yarısı yüksek lisans tezi olup, bu çalışmaların daha çok tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı (%75); doktora tezlerinin ise deneysel ve yarı deneysel (%100) çalışmalar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örneklem sayısı genelde 50-200 arasındadır. Çocuklarda astım en çok Çocuk Sağlığı ve Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği alanlarında çalışılmıştır. İki çalışmada astımlı çocukların ebeveynleri, üç çalışmada ise astımlı çocuklar örnekleme alınmıştır. Müdahale çalışmalarında eğitimin; hastalık hakkında bilgi, yaşam kalitesi, hastalıkla başa çıkma, hastalık seyri ve öz etkililiğin artmasında; hastaneye başvurma ve günlük yaşam aktiviteleri kısıtlamalarının azalmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Astımlı çocuğun/ebeveynlerinin eğitilmesi ile hastalık hakkında bilgi, başa çıkma, öz yeterlilik artar iken, hastaneye yapılan başvuru sayısı azalmıştır. Astımlı çocuğun zamanının büyük bir kısmını okulda geçirmesi nedeni ile öğretmenlere ve diğer okul çalışanlarına astımda hastalık yönetimi konusunda periyodik olarak sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından eğitimler verilmeli ve tüm okullarda okul sağlığı hemşiresinin bulunması zorunlu hâle getirilmelidir. Yine çocukların astım yönetiminde okul personeline verilecek eğitimlerin etkilerini inceleyen araştırmaların yapılması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Astım; çocuk; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 In this systematic review, it was aimed to determine the subject areas and characteristics of the asthma studies done by nurses in children, to identify the subject areas and their characteristics, to reveal the results that the nurses could use in practice and to guide the new researches to be done in this area. In the systematic analysis/review study; database of Presidency of Higher Education Council, National Thesis Center was used and all the thesis studies about asthma among children were scanned between 15 December 2017-15 January 2018. 322 theses were obtained in the database. Studies were evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and eight thesis studies which are compatible with the criterion were included. It was determined that half of the theses are postgraduate these which are rather descriptive and relational (75%), and doctorate these were experimental and semi-experimental (100%). Number of samples is generally between 50-200. Asthma among children was mostly analyzed in Children Health and Public Health Nursing fields. In two studies parents of asthmatic children, in three studies asthmatic children themselves were included in the sampling. In the intervention studies, education were found to be effective in increasing knowledge about the disease, life quality, coping with disease, the course of disease, self efficacy and also to be effective in decreasing hospital admission and limitation in daily living activities. With education the parents of the child, diagnosed with asthma, the number of being hospitalized decreases as getting informed about the illness, the means of how to cope with it, and self-efficacy increases. Since the asthmatic children spend most of their time at school, health professionals should periodically give trainings to teachers and other personnel at school about the management of disease and it must be compulsory to keep school health nurse in service at every school. It is also helpful to conduct researches which examines the effects of the trainings to be given to school personnel on the asthma management of children.

Keywords: Asthma; child; nursing
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