Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Türkiye'de COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Etiği: Söylem Analizi
Health Ethics in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Türkiye: A Discourse Analysis
Şükrü KELEŞa, Bilge TUNCELb, Selçuk AKTURANb
aKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Trabzon, Türkiye
bKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Eğitimi ABD, Trabzon, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(2):123-31
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-86754
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Pandemi özelliği gösteren salgın bir hastalık, istisnai bir dönemi işaret eder. Karar vermeyi zorlayıcı koşullarda sağlık etiği açısından doğru bir etik değerlendirme yapabilmek, salgın ile ortaya çıkan değer sorunlarının fark edilmesi ile mümkündür. Günümüzde koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisi, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de toplumsal pek çok yapıyı etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Salgınla mücadelede alınan olağanüstü önlemler yayımlanan kılavuzlar, hazırlanan afişler, görsel ve işitsel araçlar ile resmî metinler üzerinden takip edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de salgının etkisini azaltmaya yönelik yürürlüğe giren uygulamaların hangi etik değerleri koruduğunu ya da harcadığını incelemek, alınan önlemlerin değersel anlam içeriği hakkında bilgi üretmek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 11 Mart 2020-1 Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'de Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan COVID-19 pandemisi ile yazılı belgeler, işitsel ve görsel kaynaklar, niteliksel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan eleştirel söylem analizine tabi tutulmuş ve tematik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılan kaynaklarla sınırlı kalarak topluma, sağlık çalışanlarına ve sağlık kurumlarına yönelik yapılan hazırlıklar, 'toplum sağlığı ve kamusal iyi', 'şeffaflık ve bilginin açıklanması', 'iş sağlığı ve güvenliği' ve 'zorunlu bildirim' bağlamlarında ele alınmış ve sağlık etiği açısından eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanmıştır. Pandemi gibi zorlayıcı koşullarda pek çok neden, sağlık alanında değer çatışmalarının yaşanmasına yol açabilir; amaç, en az bedelle en çok değer koruyan eyleme karar verilmesi olarak belirlenebilir. Ancak böylesi bir durumda ödenen bedelin etik açıdan haklı çıkarılabileceği savunulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; sağlık etiği; söylem analizi
ABSTRACT
 An outbreak with the characteristics of a pandemic indicates an exceptional period. Making an accurate, ethical assessment of health ethics in challenging circumstances is only possible by recognizing the value problems that have emerged with the pandemic. Nowadays, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact numerous social structures in our country as well as across the world. Extraordinary measures taken in the struggle against the pandemic can be followed from published guidelines, prepared posters, visual and audio tools, and official texts. The study, it is aimed to investigate which ethical values protect or deteriorate the practices that came into force to reduce the impact of the pandemic in Türkiye and produce information about the value content of the measures taken. Within the scope of the study, written documents, audio, and visual sources prepared related to the COVID-19 pandemic by the Ministry of Health in Türkiye between March 11, 2020 and October 1, 2021 were determined and the sources were subjected to critical discourse analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and evaluated thematically. By being limited to the resources obtained, the preparations for the society, healthcare staff, and health institutions were discussed in the contexts of 'public health and common good', 'transparency and disclosure', 'occupational health and safety' and 'mandatory reporting' and interpreted from a critical point of view in terms of health ethics. In exceptional circumstances such as the pandemic, various reasons can lead to value conflicts; the aim can be determined by deciding on the action that preserves the most value for the least cost. Only in such a case can it be argued that the price paid can be ethically justified.

Keywords: COVID-19; health ethics; discourse analysis
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