Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin LGBTİ+ Bireyler ile İlgili Bilgi, Homofobik Tutum ve Davranışları: Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
Knowledge, Homophobic Attitudes and Behaviors of Medical Students Towards LGBTI+ Individuals: Descriptive Study
Berna BİLGİN ŞAHİNa , Damla AKMANa , Beyhan CENGİZ ÖZYURTa , Uğur Can TORAMANa , Gözde AKTANa , Buğra CİDANİa , Dilara GÜNEŞa , Gizem DEMİRa , Görkem ÖZENa , Feyza SERGİNa , Adnan Abdullah TOKMAKa , Furkan AKTAYa
aManisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı AD, Manisa, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2024;44(3):132-40
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2024-101929
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Tıp fakültesi dördüncü, beşinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin LGBTİ+ (lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans ve interseks) hastalara yönelik bilgi, davranış ve homofobik tutumlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dördüncü, beşinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencisi 607 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada örneklem seçilmemiş, evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Katılım oranı %46,8'dir (n=284). Araştırmanın verileri çevrim içi soru formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Soru formunda sosyodemografik özellikler ve LBGTİ+ bireylere yönelik bilgi, tutum, davranış soruları ve Hudson-Ricketts Homofobi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma grubunun yaş ortalaması 23,4±1,1 yıl olup, %54,9'u kadın ve %45,1'i erkektir. Cinsel yönelim açısından grubun %90,1'i heteroseksüel, %4,6'sı homoseksüel ve %4,2'si biseksüeldir. Öğrencilerinin Hudson-Ricketts Homofobi Ölçeğinden aldıkları puanların ortalaması 65,14±27,87'dir. Sınıflar arası puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Geniş ailede yaşayan, erkek, yakın çevresinde LGBTİ+ birey olmayan, LGBTİ+ bireyler ve hakları ile ilgili bilgi sahibi olmayan, cinsel yönelimin bir seçim ve LGBTİ+ birey olmanın tedavi edilmesi gereken bir durum olduğunu düşünen öğrenciler daha homofobiktir. Öğrencilerin %71,1'i sağlık çalışanlarının LGBTİ+ bireyler hakkında bilgi düzeyinin yetersiz olduğunu, %70,1'i LGBTİ+ bireylere yönelik derslerin gerekli olduğunu, %35,6'sı LGBTİ+ birey olmanın alacağı sağlık hizmetini etkileyeceğini ve %70,1'i bu bireylerin kapsayıcı sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşamayacağını düşünmektedir. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin sadece %4,3'ü sağlık çalışanlarının LGBTİ+ bireyler hakkında bilgisinin yeterli olduğunu ve %70,1'i LGBTİ+ bireylere yönelik derslerin gerekli olduğunu düşünmektedir. HudsonRicketts Homofobi Ölçeği ile değerlendirilen homofobi düzeyi ülke genelindeki benzer araştırmaların sonuçlarından düşük saptanmıştır. Tıp fakültesi eğitim müfredatına klinik branşlarda farkındalığı arttırıcı eğitimlerin entegre edilmesi faydalı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: LGBT birey; tıp eğitimi; homofobi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, behavior, and homophobic attitudes of students in the fourth, fifth and sixth years of the Faculty of Medicine towards LGBTI+ individuals. Material and Methods: The population of the research consists of 607 people who are fourth, fifth and sixth year students at Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine. No sample was selected in the research, and it was aimed to reach the entire population. The participation rate was 46.8% (n=284). The data for the study were collected through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards LGBTI+ individuals, and the Hudson Rickkets Homophobia scale. Results: The research group had an average age of 23.4±1.1 years, with 54.9% women and 45.1% men. Concerning sexual orientation, 90.1% of the group identified as heterosexual, 4.6% as, lesbian/gay and 4.2% as bisexual. The average score of the students on the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale was 65.14±27.87. There was no significant difference in the mean scores between classes (p>0.05). Students who live in extended families, identify as male, lack LGBTI+ individuals in their close circle, are uninformed about LGBTI+ individuals and their rights, and believe that sexual orientation is a choice and being LGBTI+ is a condition requiring treatment exhibit higher levels of homophobia. Seventy-one point one percent (71.1%) of the students think that the level of knowledge of healthcare professionals about LGBTI+ individuals is insufficient, while 70.1% think that lessons for LGBTI+ individuals are necessary. Additionally, 35.6% of the students believe that being an LGBTI+ individual will affect the healthcare they receive, and 70.1% think that LGBTI+ individuals cannot access comprehensive health services. Conclusion: Only 4.3% of the students think that healthcare professionals' knowledge about LGBTI+ individuals is sufficient, and 70.1% think that lessons for LGBTI+ individuals are necessary. The level of homophobia assessed by the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale was found to be lower than the results of similar studies across the country. It may be beneficial to integrate awareness-raising trainings in clinical branches into the faculty of Medical school education curriculum.

Keywords: LGBT individual; medical education; homophobia
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