Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Tıp Fakültesi 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin İletişim ve Beden Dili ile İlgili Düşünceleri: Kesitsel Çalışma
Opinions of the 6th Grade Medical Students About Communication and Body Language: A Cross-Sectional Study
Güler KAYABAŞLIa, Elif ATICIb, Alis ÖZÇAKIRc
aBursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
bBursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
cBursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Aile Hekimliği ABD, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(1):15-25
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-85635
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Çalışmanın amacı, 6. sınıf tıp öğrencilerinin iletişimin önemine ve iletişimde beden dili kullanımına yönelik düşüncelerinin ve farkındalıklarının değerlendirilmesidir. Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel nitelikteki araştırmanın örneklemini 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 6. sınıf tıp öğrencileri oluşturmuştur (n=135). Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formuyla toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizde SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirmede ortalamalar ve yüzdelikler, 2 değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmede çapraz tablo (crosstabs) kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi α=0,05 olarak alınmıştır. Katılımcıların; %60'ı kadın, %89,5'nin not ortalaması iyi ve üzeridir. Yükseköğretim mezunu olan anne-baba oranları %30,4 ve %51,9'dur. Annelerin %63,7'si ev hanımı, babaların %32,6'sı emeklidir. Yüzde 43'ünün aile ekonomik durumu iyi ve üzeridir. Tek çocuk olma oranı düşüktür (%7,4). Demokratik ebeveynlik oranı %69,4'tür. İyi bir hekim için iletişim becerisinin gerekli olduğuna (%90,4), bunun tıbbi bilginin geliştirilmesi kadar önemli olduğuna (%83,7), beden dili kullanımının hasta üzerinde (%90,4) ve hastanın kendisini hekime ifade etmesinde etkili olduğuna (%88,2) katılım yüksektir. Yüzde 67,4'ü beden dilini sözel iletişimden daha etkili, %14,1'i hastayla sözlü iletişim kurulmasını yeterli bulmaktadır. Hastayla göz teması kurma (%88,1), mimik-jestlerden yararlanma (%84,5), görünüşüne dikkat etme (%82,3), hastayla konuşurken gülümsemeyi önemli bulma (%82,9) oranları yüksektir. Yüzde 57,7'si iletişim konusunda kendilerine güvendiğini, %11,1'i beden dili eğitimi aldığını, %34,8'i tıp eğitimlerinde iletişim ve %26,6'sı beden diline yer verildiğini, %79,2'si klinikte hocanın beden dilini nasıl kullandığına dikkat ettiğini, %64,5'i hasta muayenesinde hocaların sözel iletişimi daha çok kullandığını belirtmiştir. Öğrenciler iletişim becerileri ve beden dili eğitimini önemsemektedir. Tıp eğitiminde etkili iletişim becerisi kazandırabilmek için klinik öncesi ve klinik döneminde entegre biçimde yapılandırılmış, hedef ve değerlendirme yöntemleri belirlenmiş eğitim programı oluşturulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beden dili; iletişim; tıp eğitimi; tıp öğrencisi; hekim-hasta ilişkisi
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to evaluate the thoughts and awareness of 6th grade medical students about the importance of communication and the use of body language in communication. The sample of the descriptive-cross-sectional study consisted of 6th grade medical students who attended Bursa Uludağ University in the 2017-2018 academic year and agreed to participate in the study (n=135). The data were collected by a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers. SPSS 22.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Means and percentages were used in the evaluation, and a crosstab was used to analyze the relationship between two variables. The significance level was taken as α=0.05. 60% of the participants are women, and 89.5% have a good or above grade point average. The ratio of mother and father who graduated from higher education is 30.4% and 51.9%, respectively. 63.7% of mothers are housewives, 32.6% of fathers are retired. The family economic situation of 43% is good or above. The rate of being an only child is low (7.4%). Democratic parenting rate is 69.4%. Participation to statements that communication skills are necessary for a good physician (90.4%), it is as important as the development of medical knowledge (83.7%), the use of body language is effective on the patient (90.4%) and the patient expresses himself to the physician (88.2%) are high. 67.4% find body language more effective than verbal communication, 14.1% find verbal communication with the patient sufficient. The rates of making eye contact with the patient (88.1%), using mimic-gestures (84.5%), paying attention to their appearance (82.3%), and finding smiling while talking to the patient important (82.9%) are high. 57.7% of them were confident in communication, 11.1% of them received body language training. 34.8% of them stated that included communication in their medical education and 26.6% of them included body language, 79.2% of them stated that the teacher pays attention to how they use body language in the clinic and 64.5% of them stated that teachers use verbal communication more during patient examination. Students care about communication skills and body language training. In order to gain effective communication skills in medical education, an integrated education program should be established in the pre-clinical and clinical period, with goals and evaluation methods.

Keywords: Body language; communication; medical education; medical students; physician-patient relations
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