Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tip 2 Diyabet Hastalarında Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Diyabet Öz Bakımı Üzerine Etkisi: Klinik Tabanlı Bir Çalışma
The Effect of Health Literacy Level on Diabetes Self-Care Intype 2 Diabetes Patients: A Clinical Based Study
Adile NEŞEa, Ercan BAKIRa, Sevgin SAMANCIOĞLU BAĞLAMAb, Fatma KARASUc
aGaziantep Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Gaziantep, TÜRKİYE
bGaziantep Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Gaziantep, TÜRKİYE
cKilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Yusuf Şerefoğlu Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Kilis, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):112-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-74281
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin diyabet öz bakımı üzerine etkisini incelemek macıyla klinik tabanlı bir çalışma olarak yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup, Kasım ve Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Endokrinoloji Kliniğine başvuran Tip 2 diyabet hastaları dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, hastaların sosyodemografik ve hastalık özellikleri formu, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ve Diyabet Öz Bakım Ölçeğiyle yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veri analizi için SPSS 24.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular,sayı (frekans) ve yüzde değerler olarak belirtilmiş ayrıca tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ortalama±standart sapma olarak verilmiştir. Bağımsız grupların karşılaştırılmasında; t-testi ve ANOVA testi, değişkenler arası ilişkinin incelenmesinde; korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul, kurum izni ve hastalardan yazılı onam alınmıştır. Bulgular: Tip 2 diyabet hastalarının yaş ve medeni durum ile Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Hastaların yaş, eğitim durumu, ailedeki birey sayısı, diyabet süresi, diyabetle ilgili eğitim alma, ilaçlarını düzenli alma ve düzenli egzersiz yapma durumları ile Diyabet Öz Bakım Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli fark belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Tip 2 diyabet hastalarının, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 82,02±9,27 ve Diyabet Öz Bakım Ölçeği puan ortalaması 81,15±14,07 olarak saptanmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile diyabet öz bakım arasında pozitif yönde ve çok güçlü bir ilişki vardır (r=0,851; p=0,001). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, Tip 2 diyabet hastalarının ağlık okuryazarlığı orta düzeyde olup, diyabet öz bakım düzeylerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile diyabet öz bakım davranışları arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Diyabet hastalarının, hastalık yönetimlerini doğru ve düzenli yapabilmeleri açısından sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tip 2 diyabet hastaları; sağlık okuryazarlığı; diyabet öz bakım
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was conducted as a clinical-based study to investigate the effect of health literacy level on diabetes self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The research was cross-sectional. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients who applied to Gaziantep University Practice and Research Hospital Endocrinology Clinic between November-December 2018 were included in this study. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews with the form called patients' socio-demographic and disease characteristics, Health Literacy Scale and Diabetes Self-Care Scale. SPSS 24.0 program was used for data analysis. Findings are expressed as number (frequency) and percentage values, and descriptive statistics are given as mean±standard deviation. t-test and ANOVA test were used to compare independent groups, and correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between variables. Ethical committee approval, permission of the institution and written consent were obtained from the patients for conducting the study. Results: The age and marital status of type 2 diabetes patients affect he mean total score of Health Literacy Scale (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean age, educational status, number of individuals in the family, duration of diabetes, education about diabetes, taking medication regularly and exercising regularly and the mean scores of Diabetes Self-Care Scale (p<0.05). The total score average of Health Literacy Scale of type 2 diabetes patients was 82.02±9.27 and the mean score of Diabetes Self-Care Scale was 81.1±14.07. There is a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and diabetes self-care (r=0.851; p=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, health literacy level of type 2 diabetes patients was moderate and diabetes self-care levels were found to be low. A strong correlation was found between health literacy and diabetes self-care behaviors. It would be beneficial to determine the health literacy levels of diabetes patients in order to be able to manage disease correctly and regularly.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes patients; health literacy; diabetes self-care
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