Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Tıbbi Hatalar Konusunda Verilen Yargıtay ve Danıştay Kararlarının İncelenmesi: İçerik Analizi
Examining Supreme Court and State Council Decisions on Medical Errors: Content Analysis
Fatih DURURa, Meliha Meliş GÜNALTAYb, Gökçen ÖZLERb, Ferda IŞIKÇELİKb
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
bAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2023;31(1):44-52
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-93043
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlık hizmetinin sunumu esnasında pek çok farklı nedenden kaynaklanan tıbbi hatalar meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu hataların, hem sağlık hizmeti sunumu hem de hukuki açıdan sonuçlarını gösteren tıbbi hata davalarının analizi karar vericiler için önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de tıbbi hata konusunda verilen Yargıtay ve Danıştay kararlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kararların incelenmesi için betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Lexpera elektronik veri tabanı üzerinden belirlenen anahtar kelimeler ile tarama gerçekleştirilerek, 392 karar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın güvenirliliği Miles-Huberman modeli kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre davaların %61'i tam yargı, %34,6'sı tazminat ve %4,4'ü ceza türündedir. Yüksek mahkemelerin, kararların %88,5'ini bozduğu ve %11,5'ini ise onadığı belirlenmiştir. Tıbbi hata davalarına en çok konu olan meslek grubunun hekimler (%93,2) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tıbbi hataların en çok ağız, yüz ve çene cerrahisi (%30,6), kadın hastalıkları ve doğum (%12,7) ve acil tıp (%11,4) alanında gerçekleştiği ve %32 oranında ölüm ile sonuçlandığı bulunmuştur. Yüksek mahkemelerin en fazla bilirkişi raporu ve adli tıp raporlarındaki eksiklik ve hatalar nedeniyle bozma kararı verdiği belirlenmiştir. Tıbbi hataya yönelik davalardaki artışın, uzun vadede hata riski yüksek branşlarda hekim eksikliğine yol açabilme riski bulunmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar tıbbi hatalar ve buna bağlı olarak tıbbi hata davalarının azaltılmasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İçerik analizi; malpraktis; sağlık hukuku
ABSTRACT
 During the delivery of health services, medical errors may occur for many different reasons. The analysis of medical error cases, which show the consequences of these errors both in terms of health care delivery and legal aspects, is important for decision makers. This study aims to examine the Supreme Court and State Council decisions on medical errors in Türkiye. In the study, descriptive content analysis method was used to examine the decisions. Within the scope of the study, 392 decisions were examined by scanning with the keywords determined on the Lexpera electronic database. The reliability of the study was calculated using the Miles-Huberman model. According to the research findings, 61% of the cases are in the type of full remedy, 34.6% in the compensation type and 4.4% in the penalty type. It was determined that the decisions have been reversed the rate of 88.5% and upheld/uphold the rate of 11.5% by the high courts. It has been determined that the occupational group that is the most subject to medical error lawsuits is physicians (93.2%). In addition, it was found that medical errors occurred mostly in oral, face and maxillofacial surgery (30.6%), gynecology and obstetrics (12.7%) and emergency medicine (11.4%), resulting in death at a rate of 32%. It has been determined that the high courts have given the decision to reverse mostly due to the deficiencies and errors in the expert and forensic reports. There is a risk that the increase in lawsuits for medical errors may lead to a shortage of physicians in branches with a high risk of error in the long run. The results obtained can be used in the development of policies to reduce medical errors and, accordingly, medical error cases.

Keywords: Content analysis; malpractice; health law
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