Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Effect of Static and PNF Stretching Techniques on Anaerobic Power and Balance Performance in Taekwondo Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Statik ve PNF Germe Tekniklerinin Taekwondocuların Anaerobik Güç ve Denge Performansları Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Araştırma
Sinan ERDEMa , Zeynep İnci KARADENİZLİb , İsmail İLBAKc
aDüzce University Graduate Education Institute, Department of Movement and Exercise Sciences, Düzce, Türkiye
bDüzce University Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Düzce, Türkiye
cİnönü University Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Malatya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(1):35-42
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2024-105905
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In sports literature, warm-up plays a crucial role in preparing athletes both physiologically and psychologically to optimize their performance. While there is a consensus among researchers that warm-up practices positively influence sports performance, there remains ongoing debate about which specific stretching techniques during the warm-up phase are most effective. This study aims to investigate the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques, applied during the warm-up phase over an 8-week period, on the anaerobic power and static balance performance of professional taekwondo athletes. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 voluntary taekwondo athletes aged between 18-25 years. The vertical jump test was used to measure anaerobic power performance, while the flamingo balance test assessed balance performance. The collected data were analyzed using IBM Statistics software. Results: In this study, there was no statistically significant difference between the balance and anaerobic power performances of taekwondo athletes, neither in the pre-test and post-test scores, nor between the groups (p>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that 8 weeks of static and PNF stretching techniques during the warm-up phase did not directly affect the anaerobic power and balance performance of taekwondo athletes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings highlight that neither static stretching nor PNF stretching alone is sufficient to elicit improvements in anaerobic power and balance performance in professional taekwondo athletes during the warmup phase. Future research could refine warm-up protocols for taekwondo athletes by combining stretching and activation strategies, building on these findings.

Keywords: Warm-up; static stretching; dynamic stretching; anaerobic power; balance
ÖZET
 Amaç: Spor literatüründe ısınma, sporcuların fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak en uygun şekilde hazırlanması ve performanslarını artırmaları için önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Her ne kadar araştırmacılar arasında ısınma uygulamalarının sportif performans üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu konusunda bir fikir birliği olsa da ısınma evresinde uygulanan çeşitli germe teknikleri arasında göreceli olarak optimal germe uygulamalarının, ne olduğu konusunda tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı, 8 hafta boyunca ısınma evresinde uygulanan statik ve proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon (PNF) germe tekniklerinin profesyonel taekwondocuların anaerobik güç ve statik denge performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma, 18-25 yaş arasında 30 taekwondocunun gönüllü katılımı ile gerçekleşmiştir. Katılımcıların anaerobik güç performanslarını belirlemek amacıyla dikey sıçrama testi, denge performanslarını belirlemek amacıyla ise flamingo denge testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler, IBM istatistik yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmada taekwondo sporcularının denge ve anaerobik güç performansları arasında, ne ön test ve son test skorlarında ne de gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05). Dolayısı ile ısınma evresinde 8 hafta boyunca uygulanan statik ve PNF germe tekniklerinin taekwondocuların anaerobik güç ve denge performansını doğrudan etkilemediği söylenebilir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, ısınma aşamasında profesyonel taekwondo sporcularında anaerobik güç ve denge performansını artırmak için yalnız başına statik esneme veya PNF esneme yöntemlerinin yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, bu bulgular doğrultusunda esneme ve aktivasyon stratejilerini birleştirerek taekwondo sporcuları için daha etkili ısınma protokolleri geliştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Isınma; statik esneme; dinamik esneme; anaerobik güç; denge
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