Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Suriyeli Çocuk Mültecilerde Sağlıkta Savunmasızlık: Türkiye'de Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Health Vulnerabilities Among Syrian Refugee Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye
Emre ÖZCANa , Deniz GÜNGÖR ÖZCANb , Fikriye YILMAZb
aBaşkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sosyal Hizmet Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
bBaşkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(3):505-13
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-95518
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de yaşayan Suriyeli mülteci çocukların sağlıkta savunmasızlıklarını etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, nicel yönteme dayalı kesitsel model olarak tasarlanmış bir saha çalışmasıdır. Adana ilinde, valilikten sosyal yardım alan Suriyeli mülteci ailelerin toplam 1.207 çocuğu araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışmanın örnekleminde yer alan çocukların ebeveynlerine valilik aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ebeveynler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan sosyodemografik bilgiler, kapasite faktörleri ve risk faktörleri başlığı altında 3 bölümden oluşan anket formunu çevirmenler aracılığıyla yüz yüze cevaplamıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS 25.0 paket programında, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare analizi ve olabilirlik oranına dayalı geriye doğru yöntemi ile ikili lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çocukların %52,1'inin erkek, %68'inin 5-17 yaş arasında olduğu, %37,3'ünün herhangi bir gelirinin olmadığı, %15,2'sinin sağlık ihtiyacı olduğu, %89,4'ünün herhangi bir engellilik durumu olmadığı ve %93'ünün sağlık problemi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çocuklarda sağlık problemi olma durumunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek üzere geliştirilen ikili lojistik regresyon modeline göre güvensiz fiziksel çevrede yaşayanların [odds ratio ''odds oranı (OR)''=1,78], Türkçesi sınırlı olanların (OR=1,872), yeni gelenlerin (OR=1,748), karşılanmayan sağlık ihtiyacı olanların (OR=1,375), geçerli kimlik kartı olmayanların (OR=0,640), aile bütünlüğü olmayanların (OR=1,55), sosyal yardım almayanların (OR=2,137) sağlık problemi olan grupta yer alma olasılığı daha fazla bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçları, mülteci çocuklarda sağlıkta savunmasızlık döngüsünün kırılması için politikacılar ve sivil toplum çalışanlarının risk faktörlerinden ziyade ''kapasite iyileştirme'' yaklaşımı odağında müdahaleler planlamaları gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Savunmasızlık; mülteciler; çocuklar; sağlık problemleri
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of the study is to reveal the factors affecting the health vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children living in Türkiye. Material and Methods: The study is a field study designed as a cross-sectional model based on the quantitative method. A total of 1,207 children from Syrian refugee families receiving social assistance from the governorship in Adana were included in the study. The parents of the children included in the sample of the study were reached through the governorship. Parents who agreed to participate in the study answered the questionnaire form, which consists of three parts, under the headings of socio-demographic information, capacity factors and risk factors, created by the researchers, face to face through translators. Statistical analysis of the data was evaluated with descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and backwards method based on likelihood ratio using binary logistic regression analysis in the PASW 25.0 package program. Results: 52.1% of the children included in the study were male, 68% were between the ages of 5-17, 37.3% had no income, 15.2% had health needs, 89.4%. It was determined that 1% of them did not have any disability and 93% of them did not have any health problems. According to the binary logistic regression model developed to determine the factors affecting the state of having health problems in children; those living in an unsafe physical environment [odds ratio (OR)=1.78], those having limited Turkish (OR=1,872), newcomers (OR=1,748), those with unmet health needs (OR=1.375), those without a valid ID card (OR=0.640), those who did not have family integrity (OR=1.55) and those who did not receive social assistance (OR=2.137) were more likely to be included in the group with health problems (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study show that politicians and civil society workers should plan interventions with a focus on ''capacity improvement'' approach rather than risk factors in order to break the cycle of health vulnerability in refugee children.

Keywords: Vulnerability; refugees, children; health problems
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