Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Subjective Distress Disclosure: A Sample of Future Nurses: Descriptive Study
Öznel Sıkıntıları Açma: Geleceğin Hemşireleri Örneklemi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Gamze SARIKOÇa
aUniversity of Health Sciences Gülhane Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(3):913-9
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-101152
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In this descriptive study, the subjective distress disclosure of future nurses was analysed. Material and Methods: The descriptive type of research was conducted with 569 students studying at the faculty of nursing in the 2022-2023 academic year. The data of the research are the ''Introductory Information Form'' and ''Subjective Distress Disclosure Scale'' created by the researcher. The data was collected by the researcher via Google form after the lessons were completed. Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores of the self-disclosure subscale were 16.05±4.15; the mean scores of the self-concealment subscale were 23.29±5.08; and the mean total score of the subjective distress disclosure scale was 39.35±7.81. Female students were found to be more likely to disclose subjective distress than male students (p<0.05). Conclusion: The level of subjective distress disclosure of nursing students who participated in this study was moderate. Courses taken by students during their nursing education; communication skills, assertiveness etc. It is thought that it affects the level of disclosure of subjective distress because it contains topics that support personal development. In order to ensure that future nurses can effectively cope with the difficult situations they encounter both in their social lives and in health care environments, it is recommended that educational programmes that support them to disclose their subjective distress should be included in the education programme.

Keywords: Nursing; nursing students; education
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırmada, geleceğin hemşirelerinin öznel sıkıntılarını açma durumları incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan araştırma 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında, hemşirelik fakültesinde öğrenim gören 569 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan ''Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu'' ve ''Öznel Sıkıntıları Açma Ölçeği'' dir. Veriler Google form aracılığıyla derslerin bitiminin ardından toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi and Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin ''Kendini açma'' alt boyutu puan ortalamaları 16,05±4,15; ''Kendini gizleme'' alt boyutu puan ortalamaları 23,29±5,08; ''Öznel Sıkıntıları Açma Ölçeği'' toplam puan ortalamaları 39,35±7,81'dir. Kadın öğrencilerin öznel sıkıntılarını açma durumları erkeklerinkinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmaya katılan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, öznel sıkıntılarını açma düzeyi orta değerdedir. Öğrencilerin, hemşirelik eğitimi sürecinde aldıkları derslerin; iletişim becerileri, atılganlık vb. kişisel gelişimi destekleyen konular içermesi sebebiyle öznel sıkıntılarını açma düzeylerini etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Geleceğin hemşirelerinin gerek sosyal yaşamlarında gerekse sağlık bakım ortamlarında karşılaştıkları zor durumlar ile etkili baş etmelerini sağlamak amacıyla eğitim programına öznel sıkıntılarını açmalarını destekleyen eğitim programlarının dâhil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; hemşirelik öğrencileri; eğitim
REFERENCES:
  1. Ahmadi AA, Şirin H, Ergüder T. Dünyada salgın tarihçesi [World history of pandemics]. Turkey Health Literacy Journal. 2020;1(2):87-97. [Crossref] 
  2. Arden MA, Chilcot J. Health psychology and the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic: a call for research. Br J Health Psychol. 2020;25(2):231-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. World Health Organization [Internet]. © 2024 WHO. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. [Cited: November 03, 2023]. Available from: [Link] 
  4. Erbil F. Türkiye'de krizler, afetler ve çocuk [Crises, disasters and children in Turkey]. Reflektif Journal of Social Sciences. 2023;4(2):357-72. [Crossref] 
  5. Öztürk Çopur E, Karasu F. Depremde hemşire olmak: deprem günlükleri [Being a nurse in an earthquake: earthquake diaries]. Yaşam Boyu Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2023;4(2):224-35. [Crossref] 
  6. Duygulu S, Açıl SB, Özdemir EK, Erdat Y. COVID-19 salgını: yönetici hemşirelerin rol ve sorumlulukları [COVID-19 outbreak: nurse managers' role and responsibilities]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;7(Özel sayı):34-46. [Crossref] 
  7. Hirsch C, Barlem E, Almeida L, Tomaschewski-Barlem J, Figueira A, Lunardi V. Coping strategies of nursing students for dealing with university stress. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2015;68(5):501-8. [Crossref] 
  8. Deng X, Chen S, Li X, Tan C, Li W, Zhong C, et al. Gender differences in empathy, emotional intelligence and problem-solving ability among nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;120:105649. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Sprecher S, Hendrick SS. Self- disclosure in intimate relationships: associations with individual and relationship characteristics over time. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2004;23(6):857-77. [Crossref] 
  10. Cüceloğlu D. Yeniden İnsan İnsana. 15. Basım. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi; 1997.
  11. American Psychological Association [Internet]. © 2024 American Psychological Association [Cited: November 02, 2023] Dictionary of Psychology. Available from: [Link] 
  12. Çitil E, Eginli AT. Kişilerarası İletişim Sürecinde Kendini Açma Davranışı ve Özsaygı Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Karadal H, Efe MN, Abubakar AM, Karadal K, editörler. 2020 International CEO Communication, Economics, Organization & Social Sciences Congress. Dilkur Akadem; 2020. p.478-88.
  13. Gündoğdu, R. Farklı puan türüne göre eğitim fakültesine gelen öğrencilerin kendini açma davranışlarının incelenmesi [Students from different points of species according to the faculty of education self-opening behavior]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;7(2):748-77. [Link] 
  14. Aksoy ÖA. Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlüğü. 7. Baskı. İstanbul: İnkılâp Kitabevi; 1995.
  15. Ward M, Tedstone Doherty D, Moran R. It's good to talk: Distress disclosure and psychological wellbeing. Health Research Board Research Series. Ireland. 2007. [Link] 
  16. Mitchell AEP. Psychological distress in student nurses undertaking an educational programme with professional registration as a nurse: Their perceived barriers and facilitators in seeking psychological support. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2018;25(4):258-69. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Tung YJ, Lo KKH, Ho RCM, Tam WSW. Prevalence of depression among nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;63:119-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Cerit E, Kaplan V. Post traumatic growth during COVID-19 outbreak and the affecting factors: Results of a cross‐sectional study among Turkish nursing students. BSJ Health Sci. 2022;5(2):199-205. [Crossref] 
  19. Kaplan V, Ançel G. The effect of interpersonal relational role analysis on nursing students' anxiety levels and interpersonal problem-solving orientation. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(3):1175-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Yeung MM, Yuen JW, Chen JM, Lam KK. The efficacy of team-based learning in developing the generic capability of problem-solving ability and critical thinking skills in nursing education: a systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;122:105704. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Kahn JH, Hessling RM. Measuring the tendency to conceal versus disclosepsychological distress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2001;20(1):41-65. [Crossref] 
  22. Gürsoy O, Gizir C. Öznel Sıkıntıları Açma Ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları [Distress Disclosure Index: validity and reliability studies]. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2017;18(2):557-75. [Crossref] 
  23. Smith GD, Ng F, Ho Cheung Li W. COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(9-10):1425-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Davidson J, Mendis J, Stuck AR, DeMichele G, Zisook S. Nurse suicide: breaking the silence. NAM perspectives. 2018;8:1-12. [Crossref] 
  25. Fang J, Luo Y, Li Y, Huang W. Social problem-solving in Chinese baccalaureate nursing students. J Evid Based Med. 2016;9(4):181-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Bianca CSD, Ramona PL, Iona MV. The relationship between coping strategies and life quality in major depressed patients. The EgyptianJournal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2022;58(1):110. [Crossref] 
  27. Corrigan PW, Rao D. On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57(8):464-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Jourard SM. The beginnings of self-disclosure: a personal narrative. The transparent self. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company; 1971. p.18-21.
  29. Hanisa T, Rosiana A, Rahmawati AM. Self disclosure and academic stress levels in undergraduate nursing students; correlative studies. Indonesia Jurnal Perawat. 2024:9(1)8-16. [Link] 
  30. Kim K, Lee J, Yoon J. Effects of emotional regulation, resilience, and distress disclosure on post-traumatic growth in nursing students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2782. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Çetinkaya B, Akbaba S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin kendini açma davranışları ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between the relationship between university students' self disclosure and their attachment style students' self disclosure and their attachment style]. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2011;3(4):1. [Link] 
  32. Ashmore R, Banks D. Self-disclosure in adult and mental health nursing students. Br J Nurs. 2002;11(3):172-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Cruz JP, Felicilda-Reynaldo RF, Lam SC, Contreras FAM, Cecily HSJ, Papathanasiou IV, et al. Quality of life of nursing students from nine countries: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today. 2018;66:135-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Tarsuslu B, Günaydın N, Koç M. Relationship between educational stress and psychological resilience in nursing students. Journal of Human Sciences. 2020;17(1):79-91. [Crossref] 
  35. Matteau L, Toupin I, Ouellet N, Beaulieu M, Truchon M, Gilbert-Ouimet M. Nursing students' academic conditions, psychological distress, and intention to leave school: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;129:105877. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com