Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in Cancer Patients and the Role of the Pharmacist in Pneumococcal Vaccination: Traditional Review
Kanser Hastalarında Streptococcus pneumoniae Enfeksiyonları ve Eczacının Pnömokok Aşılamasındaki Rolü: Geleneksel Derleme
Nesligül ÖZDEMİRa, Aygin BAYRAKTAR EKİNCİOĞLUa
aDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Türkiye
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2022;11(3):221-30
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2022-92730
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Cancer patients are one of the susceptible populations at risk of infections due to intensive and immune response-altering treatments. Among the infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae-related infections have a significant impact on cancer patients. These infections can be seen as mild or invasive type which varies in severity according to the type of cancer. Invasive pneumococcal disease is a serious infection that increases morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Ensuring the integrity of patients' immunity is essential in order to maintain safe and effective cancer treatment processes. International guidelines and health authorities recommend that cancer patients should receive pneumococcal vaccines against pneumococcal diseases. The administration of vaccines in cancer patients is more complicated than in any other patient groups due to ongoing immunosuppressive treatments, which results in not achieved desired rates in pneumococcal vaccination. The vaccination process requires comprehensive assessment of the factors directly related with cancer, such as cancer type/diagnosis, cancer stage, type of treatment and scheduled treatment along with other patient-related factors. Sustainability of immunization in adult population can be achieved by implementation of vaccination programs, although logistics, economic, social, and epidemiological factors hinder its implementation. In order to increase the vaccination rates, health professionals should work in cooperation with the patient. Pharmacists, as healthcare professionals, have contributed to increased vaccination rates in cancer patients by providing vaccine consultancy and as vaccine practitioners in some countries. This review focuses on pneumococcal infections observed in cancer patients, vaccination process, and pharmacist's role in vaccination.

Keywords: Cancer survivors; Streptococcus pneumoniae infections; pharmacist; vaccination
ÖZET
 Kanser hastaları, almış oldukları yoğun ve bağışıklık yanıtını değiştiren tedaviler nedeniyle enfeksiyon riski altındaki duyarlı popülasyonlardan biridir. Bu enfeksiyonlar arasında Streptococcus pneumoniae enfeksiyonları kanser hastalarında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu enfeksiyonlar, kanserin tipine göre şiddeti değişen hafif veya invaziv tipte görülebilmektedir. İnvaziv pnömokok hastalığı, kanser hastalarında morbidite ve mortaliteyi artıran ciddi bir enfeksiyondur. Güvenli ve etkili kanser tedavi süreçlerini sürdürmek için hastaların bağışıklığının bütünlüğünü sağlamak çok önemlidir. Uluslararası kılavuzlar ve sağlık otoriteleri, kanser hastalarının pnömokok hastalıklarına karşı pnömokok aşısı ile aşılanmalarını önermektedir. Kanser hastalarında aşıların uygulanması, devam eden immünsupresif tedaviler nedeniyle diğer hasta gruplarına göre daha karmaşıktır ve bu da pnömokok aşısıyla aşılamada istenilen oranlara ulaşılamaması ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Aşılama süreci, kanser türü, kanser tanısı, kanser evresi, tedavi türü ve planlanan tedavi süreci gibi kanserle doğrudan ilişkili faktörlerin ve hastayla ilgili diğer faktörlerin kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesini gerektirmektedir. Lojistik, ekonomik, sosyal ve epidemiyolojik faktörler aşı uygulanması önündeki bariyerler olsa da erişkin popülasyonda bağışıklamanın sürdürülebilirliği, aşılama programlarının uygulanmasıyla sağlanabilmektedir. Aşılanma oranlarının artması için sağlık profesyonellerinin hasta ile iş birliği içerisinde çalışması gerekmektedir. Eczacılar, sağlık profesyonelleri olarak, aşı danışmanlığı yaparak ve bazı ülkelerde aşı uygulayıcısı olarak kanser hastalarında aşı oranlarının artmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme, kanser hastalarında gözlenen pnömokok enfeksiyonları, aşılama süreci ve eczacının aşılamadaki rolüne odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanser survivorları; Streptococcus pneumoniae enfeksiyonları; eczacılar; aşılama
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"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com