Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)'nın Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal ve Antidiyabetik Özellikleri: Sistematik Derleme
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni): Systematic Review
Zeynep KALAYCIa, Hülya KAMARLI ALTUNa, Ahmet Yılmaz ÇOBANa
aAkdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2021;10(2):268-75
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2020-79419
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler, hastalıkları önlemek, tedavi etmek ve sağlığın devamı amacıyla uzun yıllardan beri kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde, obezite, diyabet gibi hastalıkların artışı sonucunda tıbbi aromatik bitkilere verilen önem de giderek artmaktadır. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), Asteraceae ailesine ait çok yıllık bir çalıdır ve Güney Amerika kökenlidir. Stevyanın tatlı tadı, sahip olduğu steviol glikozitlerinden kaynaklanır. Tatlı steviol glikozitleri dışında stevya; vitaminler, mineraller, esansiyel amino asitler, yağ asitleri ve glikozidik olmayan labdan yapısındaki diterpenler, flavonoidler, fenolik bileşikler, ham lif, fitosteroller, triterpenler ve hidrokarbonlar gibi diğer yararlı biyoaktif bileşikleri içermektedir. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda, stevyanın kuru yaprak ekstraktının suda çözünebilir klorofiller ve ksantofiller, hidroksisinnamik asit (kafeik ve klorojenik asit ve diğerleri), nötral suda çözünebilir oligosakkaritler, serbest şekerler ve iz elementleri içerdiği gösterilmiştir. S. rebaudiana ekstraktlarının, yüksek fitokimyasal içeriklerinden dolayı in vitro ve in vivo çalışmalarda antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antidiyabetik aktiviteye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Stevyanın antioksidan etkisi başlıca; fenolik bileşikler, taninler, flavonoidler ve C vitamini gibi biyoaktif bileşikleri yüksek konsantrasyonlarda içermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Fenolik bileşikler, terpenoitler, alkoloitler ve kumarinler bitkiye antimikrobiyal özellik kazandırmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda stevyanın, insülin salınımını ve hücresel insülin hassasiyetini artırdığı, glikoz tolerasyonunu iyileştirdiği, açlık kan glukozu ve postprandiyal kan glukoz seviyelerini azaltıp ve böylelikle diyabet üzerinde olumlu etki gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bu derlemenin amacı, S. rebaudiana'nın antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antidiyabetik özellikleriyle ilgili yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Stevia rebaudiana; antioksidan; antimikrobiyal; antidiyabetik
ABSTRACT
 Medicinal aromatic plants have been used for many years to prevent, treat and maintain health. Nowadays, as a result of diseases such as obesity and diabetes, the importance given to medicinal aromatic plants is increasing. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a perennial shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family and originated in South America. The sweet taste of stevia is due to the steviol glycosides it contains. Stevia other than sweet steviol glycosides; It contains vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, fatty acids and other beneficial bioactive compounds such as non-glycosidic labdanic diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, crude fiber, phytosterols, triterpenes and hydrocarbons. In addition, studies have shown that dry leaf extracts of stevia contain water-soluble chlorophylls and xanthophylls, hydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic and chlorogenic acid and others), neutral water-soluble oligosaccharides, free sugars and trace elements. Due to their high phytochemical content, S. rebaudiana extracts have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity in in vitro and in vivo studies. The antioxidant effect of stevia is mainly; It is due to the high concentrations of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and vitamin C. Phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids and coumarins give the plant antimicrobial properties. Studies have found that stevia increases insulin secretion and cellular insulin sensitivity, improves glucose tolerance, decreased fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose levels, and thus has a positive effect on diabetes. The purpose of this review is; examination of the studies on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties of S. rebaudiana.

Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana; antioxidant; antimicrobial; antidiabetic
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