Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Şırınga: Tıp Tarihi Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Syringe: An Evaluation from View Point of History of Medicine
Sibel ÖNER YALÇINa, Funda Gülay KADIOĞLUb
aPamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Denizli, TÜRKİYE
bÇukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Adana, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):474-82
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-74522
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Şırıngalar, temelde bir hazne, bir piston ve bir iğneden oluşması nedeniyle basit bir düzeneğe sahiptir, ancak yapısındaki bu basitlikle tezat oluştururcasına tıpta ve tıp tarihinde önemli bir yeri bulunan tıbbi aletlerdir. Antik Dönem'de daha çok vücut boşluklarına sıvı vermek ya da sıvı çekmek amacıyla kullanılan şırıngaların, günümüzdeki başlıca kul lanım alanı olan enjeksiyonla vücuda ilaç verme amacına yönelmesi yüz yıllar almış, modern zamanların pistonlu şırıngasının prototipi ancak XV. yüzyılın sonlarında geliştirilebilmiştir. William Harvey'in 1628 yılında açıkladığı kan dolaşımını çözümleyen Sir Christopher Wren kan yoluyla vücudun başka bölgelerine sıvı ilaçların taşınabileceği fikrini öne sürmüştür. Wren, intravenöz enjeksiyon denemelerine 1651 yılında hayvanlar üze rinde başlamış, insanlar üzerinde devam etmiş, ancak başarılı olamamış tır. Vücuda, intravenöz ve subkütan yolla ilaç verme çalışmalarında bilimsel temelli uygulamalara ilk yaklaşan kişiler İskoçya'dan Dr. Fran cis Rynd, Lyon'dan Charles Gabriel Pravaz ve Edinburg'dan Alexander Wood'un çalışmaları olmuştur. Vücuda ilaç vermek için kullanılan ilk şı rıngaların üretiminde metal ve cam malzemeler kullanılmış, plastik malze melerin kullanımı ancak XX. yüzyılda gerçekleşmiştir. Şırınga aracılığıyla vücuda ilaç uygulanmasındaki başarı ise enjeksiyon tekniklerinin geliş mesi, işleme uygun şırıngaların üretilmesi, anatomiye ve asepsiye ilişkin bilgi birikiminin artması sayesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Antik Dönem'in, hay van mesanesi-kaz tüyü bileşiminden günümüzün mikro iğnelerine doğru uzun bir yolculuk gerçekleştiren şırıngalar, her zaman sağlık çalışanının vazgeçilmez aletlerinden biri olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tıp tarihi; tıbbi şırınga; tıbbi enjeksiyon
ABSTRACT
 Syringes basically have a simple assembly as they consist of a chamber, a piston and a needle, but in contrast to this simplicity in its structure, they are medical instruments that have an important place in medicine and history of medicine. It took centuries for syringes, which were used to give fluid or draw fluid into body cavities in antiquity, to give drugs to the body by injection, which is the main area of use today, and the prototype of the modern times piston syringe was developed at the end of XV century. Sir Christopher Wren, who analyzed the blood circulation explained by William Harvey in 1628, proposed the idea that liquid drugs could be transported to other parts of the body through blood. Wren began trials of intravenous injection in 1651 on animals and continued on humans, but without success. Francis Rynd of Scotland, Charles Gabriel Pravaz of Lyon and Alexander Wood of Edinburgh are the first to approach scientifically based practices to administer drugs to the body, intravenously and subcutaneously. Metal and glass materials were used in the production of the first syringes, the use of plastic materials was only in XX century. The success in administering drugs to the body with the help of syringes has been achieved thanks to the development of injection techniques, the production of syringes suitable for the procedure, and the increase in knowledge of anatomy and asepsis. Syringes, which made a long journey from the combination of animal bladder-goose feather of the Ancient Period to today's micro needles, have always been one of the indispensable tools of the healthcare worker.

Keywords: Medical history; medical syringe; medical injection
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