Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Serbest Dalış Fizyolojisi ve Rekorlarının Sistematik İncelemesi
Systematic Review of Freediving Physiology and Records
Yavuz ASLANa, Ayşe Sena YUMBUL KARDAŞb, Akın Savaş TOKLUc
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Sultan Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Sualtı Hekimliği ve Hiperbarik Tıp ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bKartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi, Sualtı Hekimliği ve Hiperbarik Tıp Kliniği, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
İcstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Sualtı Hekimliği ve Hiperbarik Tıp ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):442-51
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-82074
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu derlemede, serbest dalıştaki fizyolojik adaptasyon mekanizmalarını, serbest dalış disiplinlerini ve günümüzde bu disiplinlere ait dünya rekorlarını kapsamlı olarak derlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Fransa'da 1992 yılında kurulan Uluslararası Serbest Dalış Geliştirme Birliği [The International Association of Free Diving Development (Association Internationale pour le Développement de l'Apnée 'AIDA')], dünyada serbest dalış konusunda söz sahibi olan en önemli kurumlardan biridir. AIDA serbest dalış rekorlarının tanınmasını, yarışmaların organize edilmesini ve serbest dalış eğitim standartlarının belirlenmesini düzenlemektedir. Dünya Sualtı Etkinlikleri Konfederasyonu [World Underwater Activities Confederation (Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 'CMAS')] bünyesinde de aynı disiplinleri içeren organizasyonlar ve serbest dalış yarışmaları yapılmaktadır. Veriler, ilgili kurumların en güncel bilgileri, literatür ve kitaplardan taranarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Serbest dalışta vücudun artan basınca karşı oluşturduğu en önemli adaptif cevabı memeli dalış refleksidir. Bradikardi, periferik vazokonstriksiyon ve periferden merkeze kan transferinden oluşan adaptasyonları içerir. 1949 yılında ilk kırılan rekor 30 m iken günümüzde rekorlar 200 m derinliklere ulaşmıştır. Serbest dalışta bu rekorların kırılmasında, dalış fizyolojisiyle ilgili bilgilerin artması, antrenman tekniklerindeki gelişmeler ve teknolojik gelişmelerin kullanıldığı donanımlar önemli rol oynar. Sonuç: Serbest dalışta antrenmanlar, soluksuz kalma ve oksijensizliğe tahammül ile anaerobik ortamda çalışma süresini ve kapasiteyi artırmayı hedefler. Sonuç olarak, prensipte iyi bir serbest dalıcı olmak kişinin vücuduna çok düşük seviyede oksijen ile çalışmayı öğretebilmesi anlamına gelmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler: Serbest dalış; apnea; dünya rekorları; dünya sualtı etkinlikleri konfederasyonu; uluslararası serbest dalış geliştirme birliği; adaptif mekanizmalar; antrenman
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In this compilation, we aimed to compile the physiological adaptation mechanisms in free diving, free diving disciplines and today's world records belonging to these disciplines. Material and Methods: The International Association of Free Diving Development [Association Internationale pour le Développement de l'Apnée (AIDA)], established in 1992 in France, is one of the most important organizations that have a say in free diving in the world. AIDA regulates the recognition of free diving records, the organization of competitions and the setting of free diving training standards. Organizations involving the same disciplines and free diving competitions are held within the body of World Underwater Activities Confederation [Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)]. The data were collected by scanning the most up-to-date information of the relevant institutions, literature and books. Results: The most important adaptive response of the body against increasing pressure in free diving is the mammalian diving reflex. It includes adaptations consisting of bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and blood transfer from the periphery to the center. While the first record was broken in 1949, it was 30 meters, today the records have reached 200 meters depths. Increasing knowledge on diving physiology, developments in training techniques and equipment using technological developments play an important role in breaking these records in free diving. Conclusion: Training in free diving aims to increase working time and capacity in anaerobic environment by tolerating breathlessness and lack of oxygen. As a result, being a good free diver in principle means being able to teach one's body to work with very low levels of oxygen.

Keywords: Free diving; apnea; world records; world underwater activities confederation; international association of free diving development; adaptive mechanisms; training
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