Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Sağlık İşletmelerinde Değişim ve Yönetimi
Change and Management in Health Businesses
Aygül YANIKa
aİstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(2):367-86
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-76133
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlık işletmeleri devam eden büyüme, yaşlanan nüfus ve salgınlardan dolayı değişim gerektirir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık işletmelerinde değişim, değişimin özellikleri, değişim modeli, değişim baskıları ile değişim zorluklarını tanımlamak ve etkili değişim yönetimini tartışmaktır. Çalışma, literatürde bulunan ilgili bazı kitaplar ve makalelerden yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Değişim, herhangi bir şeyi bir düzeyden başka bir düzeye getirmektir. Değişim bireysel, grup ve örgütsel düzeyde ortaya çıkabilir ve onlar birbirinden farklıdır. Değişimler; çeşidi, şiddeti, modeli ve hızı açısından değişebilir. Değişim, içsel ve dışsal nedenlerden kaynaklanabilir. Değişimlerin çoğu, başlangıçta yönetimin odaklanamaması ve güvensizlikten dolayı başarısız olmuştur. Değişimi yönetmek için geliştirilmesi gereken hizmetlerde değişim için zorlukları ve direnci tanımlamak önemlidir. Bu yüzden değişimi uygulamanın ve yönetmenin yeni bir yönüne gereksinim vardır. Bu çalışma, hastanelerde değişim sürecinde karşılaşılan zorluklardan nasıl yararlanılabileceğini ve etkili olarak değişimin nasıl yönetilebileceğini gösterir. Sonuç olarak; başarılı değişim yönetimi, rasyonel, katılımcı ve çerçeveleme yaklaşımlarından yararlanılarak gerçekleştirilebilecektir. Rasyonel yaklaşım, insanların değişime mantıklı bir şekilde cevap vereceklerini varsayar. Katılımcı yaklaşım, insanların ihtiyaçları, duyguları, değerleri ve değişime potansiyel dirençlerine odaklanır. Çerçeveleme yaklaşımında ise problem çerçevelenerek değişim için problem üzerinde yeni bir perspektif belirlenmeye çalışılır ve bu yeni perspektiften yeniden düşünmeyi gerektirir. Sağlık işletmelerinde değişim sürecini kolaylaştırmak için, değişim hakkında personel eğitilmelidir. Bu çalışmanın değişim literatürüne katkı sağlaması ve sağlık yöneticilerine başarılı değişim yönetimi konusunda destek olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Değişim; değişim yönetimi; sağlık işletmeleri
ABSTRACT
 Health businesses require change due to ongoing growth, aging population, and outbreaks. The aim of this study is to describe change, characteristics of change, change model, change pressures, change challenges and to discuss effective change management in health businesses. The study was prepared by making use of some related books and articles in the literature. Change is to bring anything from one level to another. Changes can occur at the individual, group and organizational level and they differ from each other. Changes may vary in terms of type, intensity, pattern and pace. They can result from internal and external causes. Many of the changes have initially failed due to lack of management focus and distrust. It is important to identify challenges and resistance for change in services that need to be improved to manage change. So there is a need for a new way of implementing and managing change. This study shows how the challenges encountered in the process of change in hospitals can be used and how change can be effectively managed. As a result, successful change management can be achieved by using rational, participatory and reframing approaches. The rational approach assumes that people will respond to change logically. The participatory approach focuses on people's needs, emotions, values, and their potential resistance to change. In the reframing approach, a new perspective on the problem is tried to be determined for the change by reframing the problem and this requires rethinking from the new perspective. To facilitate the change process in healthcare businesses, personnel should be trained on change. It is expected to contribute to the literature of change and to support health managers in successful change management of the study.

Keywords: Change; change management; health businesses
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