Romatoid artrit [rheumatoid arthritis (RA)], en sık görülen otoimmün eklem hastalıklarından birisidir. Toplumun yaklaşık %0,5-1'ini etkileyen RA için mevcut hedefe yönelik tedavi protokolleri hastalık aktivitesini ölçer; konvansiyonel, steroid olmayan antiinflamatuar ilaçları [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] ve metotreksat gibi biyolojik olmayan hastalık modifiye edici antiromatizmal ilaçları [disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)] kullanır. Bununla birlikte tedavilerin bazılarına etkili şekilde yanıt vermeyen hastalar vardır ve verilen ilaçlar hastaları tatmin etmemektedir. Bu nedenle acilen yeni çözümlere ihtiyaç duyulduğu açıktır. Son zamanlarda tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp [complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)], RA tedavisinde son derece popülerdir. RA hastaları hayatlarında en az bir kez tamamlayıcı tedavilere başvurmuştur. CAM, genellikle modern tedavilerin yerine geçmek yerine onlara ek ve destekleyici olarak kullanılır. Mevcut biyolojik ilaçların sınırlamaları ve yan etkileri yüzünden, RA'lı birçok kişinin yüzünü CAM'a çevirmesi şaşırtıcı değildir. Aslında, bitkisel ilaçlar, diyet müdahalesi, manuel terapi, kalori kısıtlaması ve epigenomik yaklaşımlar kas-iskelet ağrısını azaltmada ümit vadetmektedir. Bu çalışmamız, RA tedavisinde CAM hakkında bilinenlere kısa bir genel bakış sağlar ve ayrıca yeşil çay, Tripterygium wilfordii, Curcuma longa, Veratrum grandiflorum ve Camellia sinensis gibi bitkilerin farmakolojik etkileri hakkında son bilgileri özetlemektedir. Bu derleme, ayrıca mikrobiyom, nütrigenomiks ve RA arasında bildirilen korelasyon ve altta yatan moleküler mekanizmaları da özetlemektedir. CAM tedavilerinin etkili olabileceği mekanizmaların derinlemesine anlaşılması ve netleştirilmesi RA semptomlarının azaltılmasında yeni moleküler ve besinsel hedeflerin keşfine yol açabilir ve RA hastaları için yeni tedavi olanakları sağlayabilir. Bunun sayesinde CAM ve konvansiyonel ilaç uygulamaların RA tedavisinde entegrasyonuna yardımcı olunabilir. Sonuç olarak burada, bazı rasyonel CAM modalitelerinin, RA tedavisindeki potansiyel rolünü incelemeyi amaçladık.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp; romatoid artrit
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases. RA affecting approximately 0.5-1.0% of the population. Current treatment-to-target strategy for RA measure disease activity scores and use conventional, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as methotrexate. Hovewer, there is a significant proportion of patients who do not respond efficiently to some of these therapies which has been far from patient satisfaction. Therefore, it is apparent that novel remedies are urgently needed. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is extremely popular worldwide for the alleviation of RA. Many RA patients frequently seek CAM at once in her/his life. CAM is usually used in addition to, and not as a substitute for conventional therapies. Given the poor effect of current drugs and the side effects, it is not at all surprising that many individuals with RA turn their face to CAM. Herbal medicines, dietary intervention, manuel therapy, calori restriction and epigenomic approach are promising in reducing musculoskeletal pain. This study provides a brief overview of what is known about CAM as a treatment for RA and will also summarize recent data for pharmacological effects of herbs including green tea, Tripterygium wilfordii, Curcuma longa, Veratrum grandiflorum and Camellia sinensis. Here we also summarise reported correlation and underlying molecular mechanisms among microbiome, nutriogenomics and RA. Deep understanding and clarification of the subtle mechanisms by which CAM therapies may be efficacious can be lead to discovering new molecular and nutritional targets in the relieving symptoms and provide new treatment opportunities for RA patients. This may assist the integration of CAM and conventional practices in the treatment of RA. Collectively, we aimed here to examine the potential role of some rationale CAM modalities in RA therapy.
Keywords: Traditional and complementary medicine; rheumatoid arthritis
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