Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Ritmik Cimnastikte Top Aleti ile Uygulanan İki Chaniné ve Yakalama Rotasyonlu Dinamik Elementinin Kinematik Çözümlemesi
Kinematic Analysis of Two Chainé and Catch Dynamic Element with Rotation Performed with Ball on Rhythmic Gymnastics
Berfin Serdil ÖRSa, Canan TURŞAKb
aAydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Aydın, TÜRKİYE
bAydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitimi ABD, Aydın, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(2):241-50
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-80067
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, ritmik cimnastik (RC) branşında küçükler kategorilerinde (KK) ve yıldızlar kategorilerinde (YK) yarışan sporcuların demografik değişkenlerinin, top aleti ile gerçekleştirdikleri çift chainé ve yakalama rotasyonlu dinamik elementinin kinematik değişkenlerinin kategorilere göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Ayrıca, demografik ve kinematik değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya 5'i KK, 5'i YK olmak üzere 10 RC'ci (yaş: 10,80±1,55 yıl; boy uzunluğu: 1,39±0,11cm; vücut ağırlığı: 29,00±6,37 kg ve beden kitle indeksi: 14,78±1,22 kg/m2) katılmıştır. Çift chainé ve yakalama elementi yüksek hızlı kamerayla kaydedilmiş ve görüntülerin 2D (iki boyutlu) analizleri Tracker yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin kategorilere göre karşılaştırılması Mann-Whitney U testi ile incelenmiş, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamak için Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Başlangıç noktasından topu fırlatma-yakalama arasında ileriye doğru katedilen mesafe (p=0,003) ve pliénin en alt noktasındaki gövde açısı (p=0,047) kategoriler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunurken diz açıları benzer bulunmuştur. Yaş; boy uzunluğu (r=0,872; p<0,001), vücut ağırlığı (r=0,872; p=0,005), spor geçmişi (r=0,776 p<0,008), haftalık antrenman sayısı (r=0,799; p=0,006), topu fırlatma-yakalama arası geçen süre (r=0,816; p=0,004) ve başlangıç noktasından topu fırlatmayakalama arasında ileriye doğru kat edilen mesafe (r=0,706; p<0,022) değişkenleri ile anlamlı ilişki göstermiştir. Sonuç: Kategoriler arasında diz açısında görülen benzerliklere bakarak, aslında farklı fırlatma tekniklerinin sporcuların alt ekstremitelerinde görülen kinetik zincirden bağımsız olduğu, üst ekstremitedeki farklılıkların top aletiyle uygulanan çift chainé ve yakalama elementinde performansın belirleyicisi olduğu söylenebilir. Sporcuların fırlatma esnasında top aletini tüm vücudu kullanarak değil, gövde ve kolda gerçekleştirecekleri ayarlamalar ile uygulamasının topun istenilen mesafeye ulaştırılmasına yarar sağlayacağı yorumu yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fırlatma tekniği; uzun dönem sporcu gelişimi; rotasyonlu dinamik element; kinematik analiz; cimnastik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Aim of current study was to determine differences between gymnasts competing at mini (MC) and pre-juniors (PC) categories in accordance with demographic and kinematic variables during two chainé and catch dynamic element with rotation (performed with ball). Material and Methods: Ten (five from MC and five from PC) rhythmic gymnasts (age: 10.80±1.55 years; body height: 1.39±0.11 cm; body weight: 29.00±6.37 kg and body mass index: 14.78±1.22 kg/m2) attended to study. A high-speed camera was used for video recordings and 2D (two dimension) analysis were conducted by using Tracker software. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare variables according to categories. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explain correlations among variables. Results: Horizontal distance between throw and cath (p=0.003), trunk angle at plié (p=0.047) was found to be statistically different between categories while knee angles showed no statistically significant differences. Age showed statistically significant relationships with body height (r=0.872; p<0.001), body weight (r=0.872; p=0.005), sports history (r=0.776 p<0.008), weekly training days (r=0.799; p=0.006), the duration between throw and catch of the ball (r=0.816; p=0.004) and the horizontal distance covered between throw and catch (r=0.706; p<0.022). Conclusion: According to similiraties seen in the knee angles between categories it may be reported that different throwing techniques are independent of the kinetic chain seen in gymnasts' lower extremities. Differences seen in the upper extremities are the determinants of performance for two chainé and catch element performed with ball. According to results, if gymnasts throw ball by adjusting trunk and arm position, rather than the whole body, this will help them to throw the ball at an aimed distance.

Keywords: Throw technique; long-term athlet development; dynamic elements with rotation; kinematic analysis; gymnastics
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