Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Rezidüel Kuvvet Gelişimi Üzerine Etki Eden Faktörler
Factors Affecting Residual Force Enhancement
Ali IŞINa, Esin KAPLANb, Aliye GÜNDOĞDUc, Özer MERDANa, Merve SADİc, Emel ÇETİN ÖZDOĞANa
aAkdeniz Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
bYozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, Yozgat, TÜRKİYE
cAkdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2020;12(2):222-32
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2019-72602
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bu derlemenin amacı, rezidüel kuvvet gelişiminin altında yatan mekanizmaları araştırmaktır. Rezidüel kuvvet, aktif gerilmeyi takiben iskelet kaslarında sürekli olarak gözlenmiştir. Günümüze kadar hakkında birçok teorinin ortaya atıldığı rezidüel kuvvet, yarım yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir tartışılan ve mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamış bir konudur. Bu teoriler arasında, sarkomer uzunluğunun düzensizliği, titin ve çapraz köprü sayısı, genel kabul görmüş üç mekanizma sayılmaktadır. Sarkomer uzunluğunun düzensizliği, gerilmeden sonra kuvvet artışını açıklayan ilk mekanizmadır ve farklı sarkomer uzunluklarında kuvvetuzunluk ilişkisine bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Gerilmeden sonra kuvvet artırmanın, kas içindeki pasif elastik elemanlarda meydana gelen gerginlikteki artışla da ilişkili olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu fonksiyon için en muhtemel pasif eleman titindir. Araştırmacılar, kasın aktif olarak uzatılması durumunda, protein titininin kuvvet üretiminde anlamlı derecede ilişkili olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Rezidüel kuvvet gelişimini açıklayan diğer bir hipotez ise çapraz köprü sayısındaki artıştır. Çapraz köprü sayısındaki artışla ilişkili birkaç olası mekanizma vardır. Mevcut çalışmalar, eksantrik kasılma sırasında oluşan rezidüel kuvvetteki artışın titinin kas aktivasyonu ile etkileşiminden kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak rezidüel kuvvet gelişiminin, sarkomer uzunluğunun düzensizliği, titin ve çapraz köprü sayısı ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu üç kabul edilmiş mekanizmanın birbiriyle bağlantılı olarak rezidüel kuvvet gelişimi ile ilişkili olduğunu bildiren çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Ayrıca yaş, kas yapısı ve kas hasarının da rezidüel kuvvet gelişimini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Rezidüel kuvvet; sarkomer; titin; çapraz köprü
ABSTRACT
 The purpose of this review is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of residual force enhancement. The residual force has been observed consistently in skeletal muscles following active stretching and has been a matter of debate for more than half a century. Its mechanism has not been fully understood and there are many theories about it. Among these theories, the sarcomere length non-uniformities, the number of titin and cross bridges can be identified as three generally accepted mechanisms. The sarcomere length non-uniformities is the first mechanism to explain the increase in strength after stretching and is believed to depend on the strength-length relationship of different sarcomere lengths. It has been suggested that force enhancement after stretch may also be associate with an increase in tension in passive elastic elements in which muscle. The most likely passive element for this function is titin. Researchers have indicated that protein titin is significantly associated with the production of force in the case of active extension of the muscle. Another hypothesis to explain the residual force is the increase in the number of cross-bridges. Current studies indicate that the increase in residual force during eccentric contraction is due to the interaction of titin with muscle activation. As a result, residual force enhancement thought to be related to the sarcomere length non-uniformities, the number of titin and cross bridges. Moreover, age, muscle structure and muscle damage were also found to affect the residual force enhancement.

Keywords: Residual force; sarcomere; titin; cross bridges
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