Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Relationships Between Stuttering Behaviours, Physical Tension, Oral-Diadochokinetic Rates, and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering in Adults Who Stutter
Kekemeliği Olan Erişkinlerde Kekemelik Davranışları, Fiziksel Gerilim, Oral Diadokokinetik Hız ve Kekemelikle İlgili Yardımcı Olmayan Düşünceler ve İnançlar Arasındaki İlişkiler
Mehmet Emrah CANGİa, Ayşe IŞILDARb
aDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, Üsküdar University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, TURKEY
bDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, İstanbul Medipol University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):11-25
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-74098
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study examines the relationships between stuttering behaviour, physical tension, oral-diadochokinetic (oral- DDK) rate, and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering- Turkish Version (UTBAS-TR) scores. As another objective, it aims to examine the variables predicting secondary behaviours. Material and Methods: The study included 28 adults who stutter. Stuttering behaviours were evaluated through the Stuttering Severity Instrument-4 protocol. Physical tension was evaluated perceptively by three raters. Oral-DDK production was calculated by the PRAAT software. Cognitions about stuttering were evaluated with UTBAS-TR. The correlation among variables and their levels of prediction of secondary behaviours were analyzed. Results: All UTBAS-TR scores showed a significant positive correlation with duration, whereas they were negatively and significantly correlated with the /paka/ syllable's oral-DDK rate. Except for the UTBAS-TR-I (frequency) score, other UTBAS-TR scores showed a negative correlation on a significant level with the oral-DDK rate of the /pata/ syllable. The percentage of stuttered syllables (SS%) and UTBAS-TR-III (anxiety) scores also showed a significant positive correlation. Additionally, it was found that physical tension had a predictive effect on secondary behaviours (p<0.05). Conclusion: Evidence is provided on how motor and psychological factors interact with stuttering. Moreover, it is seen as important in terms of the clinical sense as the theoretical sense that the relationships shown by the symptoms and tension predicted secondary behaviours

Keywords: Stuttering behaviours; oral-diadochokinetic rate; unhelpful thoughts and beliefs
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; kekemelik davranışları, fiziksel gerilim, oral-diadokokinetik (oral-DDK) hız ve Kekemelikle İlgili Yararlı Olmayan Düşünceler ve İnançlar-Türkçe Versiyonu [Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering-Turkish Version (UTBAS-TR) ölçeğinin skorları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Diğer amaç ise ikincil davranışları yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, kekemeliği olan 28 erişkin birey katılmıştır. Kekemelik davranışları, Kekemelik Şiddeti Değerlendirme Aracı-4 protokolü temel alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Fiziksel gerilim, üç değerlendirici tarafından algısal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Oral-DDK üretimleri, PRAAT ile analiz edilerek hesaplanmıştır. Kekemeliğe ilişkin bilişler UTBAS-TR ile değerlendirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkisi ve bu değişkenlerin ikincil davranışları yordama düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Tüm UTBAS-TR skorları, süre ile anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişkili ve /paka/ hecesindeki oral-DDK hızı ile negatif ilişkili bulunmuştur. UTBAS-TR-I (frekans) skoru hariç diğer UTBASTR skorları da /pata/ hecesinin Oral-DDK hızıyla anlamlı düzeyde negatif ilişkiye sahiptir. Konuşmanın kekelenen hece yüzdesi ile UTBAS-TR-III (anksiyete) skoru da anlamlı pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Ayrıca fiziksel gerilim değişkeninin ikincil davranışlar üzerinde yordayıcı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Motor ve psikolojik faktörlerin kekemelikte nasıl bir etkileşim sergilediğine dair kanıtlar sunulmuştur. Ayrıca belirtilerin sergilediği ilişkiler ve gerilimin ikincil davranışları yorduyor olması kuramsal açıdan olduğu kadar klinik açıdan da önemli görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kekemelik davranışları; oral-diadokokinetik hız; yardımcı olmayan düşünceler ve inançlar
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com