Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Reasons for Widespread Withdrawal Method Use in Turkey: Systematic Review
Türkiye'de Geri Çekme Yönteminin Yaygın Kullanımının Nedenleri: Sistematik Derleme
Başak DEMİRTAŞ HİÇYILMAZa
aDepartment of Nursing, Ankara University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(4):496-510
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-73585
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In this systematic review, it was aimed to synthesize the findings of the studies examining the dynamics behind the consistent tendency of couples in Turkey towards withdrawal use. Material and Methods: In this systematic review, 139 articles were reached in total and 24 full text articles in descriptive and cross-sectional type were included in the study through searching in Medline, Web of Science databases and Turkish health databases using the keywords, withdrawal, coitus interruptus, contraception, traditional family planning methods and Turkey. A systematic search of studies from 1990 to 2020 was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: In this review, 24 articles, one descriptive and the other cross-sectional, were included in the analysis. Analysis were presented under two subheadings as Male-related Reasons and Female-related Reasons. Gender-based explanations were prominent for withdrawal use for both male and female. Patriarchal mind, unwillingness to use a more effective method due to incorrect beliefs about side effects, being the most widely known method by men, being the first method used, perceiving family planning as a task of women, getting information from peers about family planning and lack of communication between spouses was among the male-related reasons. Husband preference, incorrect beliefs and perceptions about the side effects of effective methods, lack of knowledge about effective family planning methods and lack of self-efficacy about switching to another method was among the female related reasons. In addition, other female related reasons were found as follows: lack of knowledge about both reproductive system physiology and ovulation days, getting information from their social enironment about family planning. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that the tendency of men not to use family planning services and the insufficient use of these services by women were among the reasons for the widespread use of the withdrawal method. Additionally, both male and female related reasons revealed that gender-based norms affected widespread withdrawal method use. Interventions should be improved to promoting more equitable gender norms related to family planning and to increasing couple communication on fertility and contraceptive use.

Keywords: Contraception; coitus interruptus; family planning; fertility
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu sistematik derlemede, Türkiye'de çiftlerin geri çekme yöntemi kullanma eğilimlerinin arkasındaki dinamikleri araştıran çalışmaların bulgularını sentez etmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu sistematik derlemede, geri çekme, kontrasepsiyon, geleneksel aile planlaması yöntemleri ve Türkiye anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak taranan Medline, Web of Science veri tabanı ve Türk sağlık veri tabanında yayınlanmış olan toplam 139 makaleye ulaşılmış, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde tam metinli 24 makale çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. 1990-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan çalışmalar, PRISMA rehberi kullanılarak sistematik olarak taranmıştır. Bulgular: Bu derlemede biri tanımlayıcı diğerleri kesitsel olmak üzere 24 makale analize dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular, erkek ve kadınla ilgili nedenler olarak iki alt başlık altında sunulmuştur. Geri çekme yönteminin kullanımına yönelik hem erkek hem de kadınlarla ilgili açıklamalarda cinsiyete dayalı açıklamalar öne çıkmıştır. Ataerkil anlayış, yan etkilere yönelik yanlış inanç nedeniyle daha etkili bir yöntem kullanmaya yönelik isteksizlik, erkekler tarafından en yaygın olarak bilinen yöntem olması, ilk kullanılan yöntem olması, aile planlamasını kadınların görevi olarak algılamak, aile planlaması konusunda akranlardan bilgi almak ve eşler arasındaki iletişim eksikliği erkeklerle ilgili nedenler arasında yer almaktadır. Eş tercihi, etkili yöntemlerin yan etkileri hakkında yanlış inançlar ve algılamalar, etkili aile planlaması yöntemleri hakkında bilgi eksikliği ve başka bir yönteme geçme konusunda öz-yeterlik eksikliği kadınlarla ilgili nedenler arasında yer almaktadır. Buna ilave olarak, kadınlarla ilgili diğer nedenler şunlardır: Hem üreme sistemi fizyolojisi hem de ovulasyon günleri hakkında bilgi eksikliği ve aile planlaması konusunda sosyal çevreden bilgi almak. Sonuç: Bu sistematik derleme, erkeklerin aile planlaması hizmetlerini kullanmama eğiliminde olmalarının, kadınların ise bu hizmetleri yetersiz kullanmalarının geri çekme yönteminin yaygın kullanımın nedenleri arasında olduğunu göstermektedir. İlave olarak, hem erkeklerle ilgili hem kadınlarla ilgili nedenler, cinsiyete dayalı normların geri çekme yönteminin yaygın kullanımını etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Aile planlaması ile ilgili daha eşitlikçi cinsiyet normlarını teşvik eden ve fertilite ve doğum kontrol yöntemleri konusunda çift iletişimini artırmayı hedefleyen müdahaleler geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğum kontrolü; geri çekme yöntemi; aile planlaması; fertilite
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-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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