Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Profesyonel Futbolcuların Mevkilerine Göre Rölatif İzokinetik Kas Kuvvetlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Comparison of Relative Isokinetic Muscle Strengths According to the Positions of Professional Soccer Players
Murat AKYÜZa, Özkan IŞIKb, Öznur AKYÜZa, Yeliz DOĞRUc, Nuretdin MEMURc
aManisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Manisa, TÜRKİYE
aBalıkesir Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Balıkesir, TÜRKİYE
cİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Kültür ve Spor Daire Başkanlığı, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2020;12(3):296-302
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-75330
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir profesyonel futbol takımında yer alan futbolcuların, oyun pozisyonlarına göre rölatif izokinetik kas kuvvetlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, 2019- 2020 Türkiye Futbol 1. Lig sezonunda Akhisarspor Futbol Kulübünde yer alan futbolcular (n=20) katılmıştır. Futbolcuların, rölatif izokinetik kas kuvvetleri 60 ve 300°/sn'de IsoForce izokinetik dinamometre ile ölçülmüştür. Verilerin normallik sınaması, Shapiro-Wilk testi ile test edildi. Normal dağılım göstermeyen verilerin analizinde, ikili karşılaştırmaları için Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı. Çoklu karşılaştırmalar için KruskalWallis H testi kullanıldı. Gruplar arası farkın tespiti için 'Pairwise Multiple Comparison Test' kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre futbolcuların, 60 ve 300°/sn fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon, maksimum ve ortalama kuvvet değerlerinin hem baskın hem de baskın olmayan bacak için istatistiksel olarak farklı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, futbolcuların mevkilerine göre 60 ve 300°/sn fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon maksimum kuvvet değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca futbolcuların mevkilerine göre fleksiyon 300°/sn ve ekstansiyonda 60 ve 300°/sn rölatif ortalama kuvvet değeri arasında, hem baskın hem de baskın olmayan bacakları için istatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, futbolcuların fleksiyon 60°/sn baskın bacakları arasında da istatistiksel olarak fark olmamasına rağmen baskın olmayan bacakları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05; p=0,012). Bu sonuca göre forvetlerin 60°/sn baskın olmayan bacaklarının, defans ve orta saha oyuncularına göre daha yüksek medyan değerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Profesyonel futbolcuların mevkilerine göre yalnızca baskın olmayan bacak 60°/sn fleksiyon rölatif ortalama kuvvet değerlerinin farklı olduğu, diğer ortalama kuvvet değerlerinin ve maksimum kuvvet değerlerinin farklı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonucun, forvetlerin defans ve orta saha oyuncularına nazaran nondominant bacaklarını daha sık kullanmalarından kaynaklanabileceği düşünülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekstansiyon; fleksiyon; profesyonel futbolcular; rölatif izokinetik kas kuvveti; diz kuvveti
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the relative isokinetic muscle strengths of professional soccer players according to their game positions. Material and Methods: Soccer players (n=20) of Akhisarspor located in the Turkey Football 1st League participated in this study. Isokinetic muscle strengths of soccer players were measured with IsoForce isokinetic dynamometer at 60 and 300°/sec. The normality test of the data was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons in the analysis of non-normally distributed data. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for multiple comparisons. Pairwise Multiple Comparisons Test was used to determine the source of difference between the groups. Results: According to the findings of the research, it was determined that the peak and average strength values of the soccer players at 60 and 300°/sec flexion and extension were not statistically different for both the dominant and non-dominant legs. In addition, it was determined that there was no statistically difference between the flexion and extension peak strength values of 60 and 300°/sec according to the positions of the soccer players. Moreover, it was determined that there was no statistically difference between both the dominant and non-dominant legs between flexion 300°/sec and the relative average strength value of extension 60 and 300°/sec according to the game positions of the soccer players. In addition, although there was no statistically difference between the flexion dominant legs of soccer players at 60°/sec (p>0.05), there was a statistically difference between the non-dominant legs (p=0.012). According to this result, it was found that the non-dominant legs of the strikers at 60°/sec had a higher median value than the defender and midfielder players. Conclusion: It was determined that according to the positions of professional soccer players, only non-dominant leg 60°/sec flexion relative average strength was different, other average and peak strength values were not different. This result may be due to the strikers using their non-dominant legs more often than the defenders and midfielders.

Keywords: Extension; flexion; professional soccer players; relative isokinetic muscle strength; knee strength
REFERENCES:
  1. van Dyk N, Witvrouw E, Bahr R. Interseason variability in isokinetic strength and poor correlation with Nordic hamstring eccentric strength in football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(8):1878-87.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  2. Jenkins NDM, Hawkey MJ, Costa PB, Fiddler RE, Thompson BJ, Ryan ED, et al. Functional hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in elite women's soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(6):612-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  3. Lehance C, Binet J, Bury T, Croisier JL. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(2):243-51.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  4. Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Vagenas G. Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age. J Sport Sci Med. 2010;9(3):364-73.[PubMed] 
  5. Pinniger GJ, Steele JR, Groeller H. Does fatigue induced by repeated dynamic efforts affect hamstring muscle function? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(3):647-53.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Reilly T. A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. J Human Movement Studies. 1976;(2):87-97.
  7. Magalhães J, Oliveira J, Ascensão A, Soares JMC. [Isokinetic strength assessment in athletes of different sports, ages, gender and positional roles]. Rev Port Ciên Desporto. 2001;1(2):13-21.[Crossref] 
  8. Ruas CV, Minozzo F, Pinto MD, Brown LE, Pinto RS. Lower-extremity strength ratios of professional soccer players according to field position. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(5):1220-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  9. Tourny-Chollet C, Leroy D, Léger H, Beuret-Blanquart F. Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2000;8(4):187-93.[Crossref] 
  10. Śliwowski R, Grygorowicz M, Hojszyk R, Jadczak Ł. The isokinetic strength profile of elite soccer players according to playing position. PloS One. 2017;12(7):e0182177.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  11. ro Costa Silva JRL, Detanico D, Pupo JD, de la Rocha Freitas C. Bilateral asymmetry of knee and ankle isokinetic torque in soccer players u20 category. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2015;17(2):195-204.[Crossref] 
  12. Iga J, George K, Lees A, Reilly T. Cross‐sectional investigation of indices of isokinetic leg strength in youth soccer players and untrained individuals. Scand. J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(5):714-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Vieira A, Alex S, Martorelli A, Brown LE, Moreira R, Bottaro M. Lower-extremity isokinetic strength ratios of elite springboard and platform diving athletes. Phys Sportsmed. 2017;45(2):87-91.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Yilmaz AK, Kabadayi M, Mayda MH, Birinci MC, Özdal M. The effects of isokinetic knee strength on the promptness of soccer players. Eur J Phys Educ Sport Sci. 2017;3(11):114-23.
  15. Goulart LF, Dias RMR, Altimari LR. [Isokinetic force of under-twenties soccer players: comparison of players in different field positions]. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2007;9(2):165-9.
  16. Gür H, Akova B, Pündük Z, Küçükoǧlu S. Effects of age on the reciprocal peak torque ratios during knee muscle contractions in elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1999;9(2):81-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  17. Yılmaz AK, Kabadayı M, Bostancı Ö, Özdal M, Mayda MH. Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Physical Education of Students. 2019;23(4):209-16.[Crossref] 
  18. Barnes C, Archer DT, Hogg B, Bush M, Bradley PS. The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(13):1095-100.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Schuth G, Carr G, Barnes C, Carling C, Bradley PS. Positional interchanges influence the physical and technical match performance variables of elite soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(6):501-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com