Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Piyasada Bulunan Çeşitli Bebek Kozmetik Ürünlerinin Mikrobiyolojik Değerlendirmesi için Deneysel Çalışmalar
Experimental Studies for Microbiological Evaluation of Various Baby Cosmetics on the Market
Ruhiye KOÇa , Sibel DÖŞLERb
aİstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmasötik Mikrobiyoloji AD, İstanbul, Türkiye
aİstanbul Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Mikrobiyoloji AD, İstanbul, Türkiye
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2024;13(3):133-40
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2022-93028
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Kozmetikler, formülasyonları ve yapısal özellikleri itibari ile mikroorganizmalar ile kontamine olma riski yüksek ürünlerdir. Özellikle de ciltlerinin daha hassas ve bağışıklık sistemlerinin daha zayıf olması nedeniyle bebekler için kullanılan ürünler, kozmetikler arasında en çok dikkat edilmesi gerekenlerdir. Bu çalışmada, bebekler için kullanılan çeşitli kozmetik ürünlerin mikrobiyolojik kaliteleri ve bileşimlerindeki koruyucuların etkinliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dokuz farklı ürün grubuna ait toplam 63 bebek kozmetik ürünü piyasadan temin edilerek Amerikan Farmakopesi-NF'de bildirilen esaslara göre mikrobiyolojik limit testi ve koruyucu etkinlik testleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Satın alındıkları kaynağa göre, ulusal/uluslararası markalı ürünlerin hiçbirinde mikrobiyal kontaminasyon görülmemiş, beş yerel/market markalı ve üç bitkisel/doğal içerikli ürünün ise kontamine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu ürünlerdeki bakteri sayısının 2,5x10⁴, mantar sayısının ise 3x10⁴kob/g ya da mL'ye vardığı; birer adet güneş kremi ve pudrada Staphylococcus aureus, bir şampuanda Candida parapsilosis, bir diğerinde Photobacterium damselae, bir diş macununda ise Enterobacter amnigenus izole edilmiştir. Koruyucu etkinlik testlerinde toplam 9 ürün etkisiz bulunmuş olup, bunlardan beşinin hiç koruyucu içermediği, ikisinin koruyucu olarak potasyum-sorbat ve sodyum-benzoat, birinin fenoksietanol, diğerinin ise dehidroasetik asit, benzil-alkol ve sodyum-benzoat içerdiği görülmüştür. Ulusal/uluslararası markalı ürünlerin tamamının koruyucularının tüm test edilen mikroorganizmalara karşı etkili olduğu görülürken yerel markalı ürünlerden beş, bitkisel içeriklilerden ise dördünün koruyucusunun ez az birer mikroorganizmaya karşı etkisiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Özellikle bebekler ya da çocuklar için kullanılan kozmetik ürünlerin, sağlığa olan ciddi etkileri göz önüne alınarak, firmalarca kalite standartlarına uygun şekilde üretimlerinin yapılması ve satış ya da kullanım aşamalarında uygun koşullarda bekletilmeleri son derece önemli ve gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bebek; kozmetik; mikrobiyolojik limit testi; koruyucu etkinlik testi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Cosmetics are products with a high risk of contamination with microorganisms due to their formulation and structural features. Especially since baby skin is more sensitive and immune system is weaker, baby products are the group that needs the most attention among cosmetics. In this study, the investigation of microbiological qualities of baby cosmetics and the efficacy of their preservatives were aimed. Material and Methods: A total 63 products belonging to 9 different groups for babies were purchased from the market, and microbiological limit test and challenge test for preservatives were applied to all products according to the principles of American Pharmacopoeia-NF. Results: According to the source of baby cosmetics purchases, microbial contamination was not observed in national/international branded products, while five local/market branded and three herbal/natural-containing products were found to be contaminated. The number of bacteria in these products reaches 2.5x10⁴ and the number of fungi reaches 3x10⁴cfu/g or mL; Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in one sunscreen and powder, Candida parapsilosis in one shampoo, Photobacterium damselae in another, and Enterobacter amnigenus in one toothpaste. In the challenge tests, 9 products were found to be ineffective, five of them did not contain any preservatives, two contained potassium-sorbate and sodium-benzoate, one contained phenoxyethanol, and the other contained dehydroacetic acid, benzyl-alcohol and sodium-benzoate. While the preservatives of all national/international branded products were effective against all tested microorganisms, five of the local branded products and four of the herbal products were found to be ineffective against at least one microorganism each. Conclusion: Considering the serious health effects of cosmetic products, especially those used for babies or children, it is extremely important and necessary for companies to produce them in accordance with quality standards and keep them under appropriate conditions.

Keywords: Baby; cosmetic; microbiological limit test; challenge test
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