Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Ozmotik Kontrollü İlaç Salım Sistemleri
Osmotic Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
Büşra PELENa, Esher ÖZÇELİKb, Yıldız ÖZSOYc
aAbdi İbrahim İlaç San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bTopkapı Sağlık Sosyal Güvenlik Merkezi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
cİstanbul Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Teknoloji ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2021;10(1):51-64
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2020-76252
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Son yıllarda, ilaç kullanımının artmasıyla günde 1'den fazla dozlama yapılan tedavilerde hasta uyuncunu ve tedavinin başarısını artırarak, farmakoekonomiye de katkı sağlayan kontrollü salım sistemleriyle ilgili çalışmalar artış göstermiştir. Kontrollü salım sistemlerinden biri olan ozmotik basınçlı sistemler, diğer kontrollü salım sistemleri arasında avantajları ve sağladığı kolaylıklarla ilgi çekmektedir. Bunlarda itici güç olarak kullanılan ozmotik basınç, sistemi diğerlerinden ayıran en büyük faktördür. Bunun sayesinde sistemin 0. dereceden salım yapabilmesi sağlanabilmekte, böylece kan konsantrasyonlarındaki dalgalanma en aza indirgenebilmektedir. Sıfırıncı derece salım reaksiyonlarında görülen konsantrasyondan bağımsız salım, absorbsiyon bölgesinde tek tip ilaç konsantrasyonu elde ettiği ve ilacın terapötik pencere aralığında kalmasını sağladığı için dozlama aralığı da uzatılmış olur. Dolayısıyla hem ilacın yan etkilerinin görülmesi olasılığı azaltılmış hem de hasta uyuncu artırılmış olduğundan, hastanın sosyal yaşamına büyük kolaylıklar getirme imkânı sağlar. Bu sistemlerin, her ne kadar bazı avantajları olduğu gibi bazı dezavantajları da olmasına rağmen ilacı önceden ayarlanmış bir salım mekanizmasıyla salarak, hedeflenen tedavi rejimine ulaşmayı kolaylaştırması tedavideki başarı oranını artırabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, ozmotik basınçlı salım sistemlerinin genel yapısından, tasarımlarını etkileyen faktörlerden, dağıtım deliği oluşturma yöntemlerinden, ozmotik basınçlı sistemlerin tarihçesinden, ozmotik pompa tiplerinden, her birinin çalışma prensiplerinden, patentli ozmotik pompalardan, bu sistemlerin ilaç salım kinetiğinden, bunlarda kullanılan maddeler ve oluşturdukları basınç miktarlarından, ayrıca bu sistemlerin avantajları ve dezavantajları ile sistemi kısıtlayan basamaklardan bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ozmotik ilaç dağıtım sistemleri; gecikmeli hazırlıklar; ozmotik basınç
ABSTRACT
 With the increasing use of medication in recent years, studies on controlled release systems that have contributed to pharmacoeconomics have escalated by increasing patient compliance and the success of therapy in treatments with more than one dose per day. Osmotic delivery systems, one of the controlled release systems, draw attention with its advantages and conveniences among other controlled release systems. Osmotic pressure used as the driving force in this system is the biggest factor that separates the system from the others. Thanks to this, the system has zero order release kinetic so that fluctuations in blood concentrations can be minimized. The dosing interval is extended as the release independent of the concentration and so achieves unvarying drug concentration in the absorption zone and ensures that the drug remains within the therapeutic window range. Therefore, since the possibility of seeing side effects of the drug is reduced and patient compliance is increased, the possibility of bringing great convenience to the patient's social life arises. Although these systems have some disadvantages, it can increase the success ratio of the treatment by releasing the drug with a preset release mechanism and making it easier to reach the targeted treatment regimen. In this review, the general structures, factors affecting their designs, orifice forming methods, history of these, osmotic pump types, operating principles, patented osmotic pumps, drug release kinetics, the substances used in them and the amount of pressure they create and, the advantages and disadvantages, and the steps that restrict the system are mentioned.

Keywords: Osmotic drug delivery systems; delayed-action preparations; osmotic pressure
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