Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Öğün Ortamı ile İlişkili Etmenlerin Besin Algısı ve Besin Tüketimi Üzerine Etkisi
Effect of Meal Environment on Food Perception and Food Consumption
Yasemin KARAAĞAÇa, Ezgi BELLİKCİ KOYUa
aİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(2):304-10
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-75731
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bireylerin besin ile ilgili algıları ve tükettikleri besin miktarı çok sayıda çevresel faktörden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörler arasında öğün ortamı önemli yer tutmaktadır. Öğün ortamı, tüketilen besinden bağımsız olarak yeme davranışını etkileyebilen yemeğin tüketildiği çevre ile ilişkili faktörleri ifade etmektedir. Ortamın atmosferi, ortamdaki sesler, aydınlatma rengi gibi öğeler ve sosyal etkileşimler bu faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Konuya ilişkin yapılan çalışmalarda öğün ortamındaki seslerin, ortamdaki müziğin ya da ortam aydınlatılmasında kullanılan renklerin besin ile ilgili duyusal algıları ve hedonik izlenimleri etkileyebileceği belirlenmiştir. Öğün tüketimi sırasında gerçekleştirilen televizyon izlemek, bilgisayar oyunu oynamak, müzik veya radyo dinlemek gibi ikincil aktivitelerin farkında olmadan yemeye ve tüketilen besin miktarında artışa neden olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, öğün ortamının paylaşıldığı kişiler ve bu kişiler arasındaki sosyal ilişkiler besin seçimini ve besin alımı etkileyen önemli faktörlerdendir. Öğün ortamının paylaşıldığı kişiler bireyin besin alımını artırarak 'sosyal kolaylaştırıcı' etki gösterdiği gibi besin alımını azaltarak 'sosyal engelleyici' etki de gösterebilmektedir. Öğün ortamı dışında, öğünün nasıl sunulduğu da beslenme davranışları üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Porsiyon boyutu, servis takımlarının büyüklüğü ve rengi gibi unsurların besin alımı üzerinde etkili olduğu birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Bireylerin beslenme davranışlarını anlayabilmek ve bireylere sağlıklı beslenme davranışları kazandırabilmek için bu faktörlerin besin tüketimi üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılması önemlidir. Bu derlemede, öğün ortamının ve öğünün sunuluşu ile ilişkili faktörlerin besin tüketimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Besin seçimi; iştah regülasyonu; tat duyusu; porsiyon boyutu; sosyal çevre
ABSTRACT
 Individuals' perceptions about food and the amount of food they consume are influenced by many environmental factors. Meal environment has a remarkable place among these factors. Meal environment refers to the ambient factors associated with the eating of food and may affect eating behavior regardless of food. The atmosphere, sounds and lighting color of the environment and social interactions are among these factors. Studies have shown that background noises, music and colors used in lighting may affect sensory perception and hedonic evaluation of food. It was reported that secondary activities such as watching television, playing computer games, listening to music or radio during food consumption may cause unconscious eating and an increase in the amount of food consumed. In addition, the people sharing the meal environment and the social relationship between them are other important factors affecting food choice and intake. People who share the meal environment may possess either 'social facilitating' effect by increasing the individual's nutritional intake, or 'social inhibitory' effect by reducing the food intake. Apart from the meal environment, serving of the meal may also have an impact on dietary behaviors. Many studies have shown that factors such as portion size, color and size of tableware items affect food intake. It is important to understand the impact of these factors on food consumption in order to figure out individuals' eating behaviors and adopt healthy eating habits. In this review, effects of meal environment and factors associated with the serving of the meal on food consumption were examined.

Keywords: Food preferences; appetite regulation; taste perception; portion size; social environment
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30.03.2014

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