Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

.: REVIEW
Oftalmolojide Kullanılan Standardize Okuma Eşelleri
The Standardized Reading Charts in Ophthalmology
Esra ŞAHLIa, Aysun İDİLa
aAnkara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Göz Hastalıkları ABD, Görme Araştırmaları ve Az Görme Rehabilitasyonu Birimi, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2020;29(3):239-47
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2019-70619
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Yakın görme, standardize harfler, sayılar ya da semboller içeren tekli optotipler kullanan eşellerle ya da metne dayalı eşellerle değerlendirilebilir. Bunların bazıları sözcük uzunluğu, karakter sayısı, cümle uzunluğu, söz dizimsel yapı ve sözlük anlamının karmaşıklığı gibi konularda standardize edilmiştir. Böylelikle baskı boyutu tek değişken olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) Visual Function Committee ve EN-ISO 8596'nın matematiksel standartlarının gereğini karşılayan eşeller kalibre edilmiş olarak kabul edilir. Bailey-Lovie Sözcük Okuma Eşelleri, MNREAD Eşelleri, Colenbrander Kartları, SKread Eşeli ve RADNER Okuma Eşelleri kalibre edilmiş yakın okuma eşelleridir. Normal bireylerde ve az gören hastalarda okuma performansının standart şekilde değerlendirilmesini sağlarlar. Okuma eşelleri, yakın görme keskinliği yanında ortalama okuma hızı, maksimum okuma hızı, okuma keskinliği ve kritik baskı boyutu gibi fonksiyonel ölçümlere de olanak sağlar. Bu eşellerle elde edilen ölçümler, araştırma çalışmalarının karşılaştırılmasına izin verir ve izlemin farklı aşamalarında klinik sonuçları karşılaştırmak açısından bu standartları sağlamayan eşellere göre daha güvenilir ve tutarlıdırlar. Bununla birlikte birçok farklı dile valide edilmişlerdir. Bu sayede yakın görme fonksiyonunun değerlendirilmesinde uluslararası olarak da karşılaştırılabilir veriler sağlarlar. Çoğunda sonuçlar, N notasyonu, M birim, logRAD, ondalık ve Snellen gibi farklı notasyonlara çevrilerek verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, normal bireylerin ve az gören hastaların okuma performansının değerlendirilmesinde kalibre edilmiş standardize okuma eşelleri kullanmanın gerekliliği açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Okuma eşelleri; yakın görme ölçümü
ABSTRACT
 Near vision can be evaluated with charts using single optotypes including standardized letters, numbers or symbols or with textbased charts. Some of them are standardized on subjects such as word length, number of characters, sentence length, syntactic structure and complexity of dictionary meaning. Thus, the print size is set to be the only variable. The reading charts whose standards are in accordance with the standards of the Visual Function Committee of the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) and also meet the requirements of the mathematical standards of EN-ISO 8596, can be considered calibrated. The Bailey-Lovie Word Reading Charts, the Colenbrander Cards, the MNREAD Charts, the SKread Charts, and the RADNER Reading Charts are the calibrated near reading charts. They provide a standard assessment of the reading function in normal individuals and patients with low vision. The reading charts facilitate near visual acuity as well as functional measurements such as average reading speed, maximum reading speed, reading acuity, and critical print size. Measurements obtained with these charts allow comparison of research studies and they are more reliable and consistent than the ones that do not meet these standards to compare the clinical results at different stages of the follow-up. They have also been validated in many different languages, so they provide internationally comparable data for the evaluation of near visual function. The results are converted to different notations such as N notation, M unit, logRAD, decimal, and Snellen in most of these charts. In conclusion, it is obvious that it is necessary to use calibrated standardized reading charts to evaluate the reading performance of normal individuals and low vision patients.

Keywords: Reading charts; near vision measurement
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