Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Müzik Dinleme Alışkanlıkları ile Fiziksel Aktivite Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Çalışma
The Relationship Between Music Listening Habits and Physical Activity Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Barış GÜRPINARa, Hülya TUNAa, Kübra TUZb, Elif TEKİN GÜRGENc, Nursen İLÇİNa
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Yüksekokulu, Geriatri ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
bDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Geriatrik Fizyoterapi ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
cDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Müzik Bilimleri Bölümü, Müzik Bilimleri ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(4):795-802
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-79129
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite çağındaki gençlerin müzik dinleme alışkanlıklarının, düzenli fiziksel aktivite (FA) katılımına yönelik tutum ve davranışları ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: FA seviyeleri, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Değerlendirme Anketi-kısa formu (UFAA); FA engelleri, Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Ölçeği (FAEÖ) ve FA'ya karşı tutum, Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (BDFAÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada yaş ortalaması 20,34+1,84 yıl, %66'sı kadın (n=157) olan 237 gönüllünün verileri değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların en sık dinlediği 3 müzik türünün; pop (%18,3), özgün (%13,8) ve rock (%13,1) müzik olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların müzik dinleme süresi kadın cinsiyet ile artmakta (r=0,130, p=0,045), eğitim yılı (r=-0,132, p=0,042) ile azalmaktayken, bu sürenin UFAA (r=0,61, p=0,241), BDFAÖ (r=0,050, p=0,440) ve FAEÖ (r=-0,061, p=-0,347) ile ilişkisi yoktu. FA süresince, müzik dinleme alışkanlığı ile müzik dinleme süresi arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulundu (r=0,146, p=0,024). FA sırasında müzik dinleme ile UFAA (r=0,303, p<0,01) ve BDFAÖ (r=0,273, p<0,01) skoru arasında pozitif; FAEÖ skoru arasında (r=- 0,227, p<0,01) negatif yönlü zayıf düzeyde, anlamlı ilişki olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışmada, üniversite çağındaki gençlerde, FA sırasında müzik dinleme, FA düzeyini olumlu yönde etkileyebilir ve FA engel algısını azaltabilir sonucuna ulaşıldı. FA sırasında, genel tercihlerinden farklı olarak pop müzik tercih edilebilir. Üniversite çağındaki gençlerde, FA düzeyini artırma stratejilerinde müziğin rolünün tam olarak belirlenmesi için ideal müzik dinleme yoğunluğunu ve türünü belirlemeye yönelik yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Müzik; fiziksel eğitim ve antrenman; bariyer
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between music listening habits of university-aged people and their attitudes and their behaviours towards regular physical activity (PA) participation. Material and Methods: The preferred music types and weekly listening durations were recorded. The International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire (IPAQ) for PA levels, the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire (PABQ) for PA barriers and the Cognitive Behavioural Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) for PA attitude were used. Results: The data of 237 volunteers with the mean age of 20.34+1.84 years and 66% female (n=157), were analysed in the study. It was found that the three most common music genres that the participants listen were popular music (18.3%), protest music (13.8%) and rock (13.1%). The music listening duration of the participants was increased with female gender (r=0.130, p=0.045) and decreased with education year (r=-0.132, p=0.042), however, was not related to IPAQ (r=0.61, p=0.241), CBPAQ (r=0.050, p=0.440) and PABQ (r=-0.061, p=-0.347). A weak and positive correlation was found between the habit of listening to music and the duration of listening to music during PA (r=0.146, p=0.024). It was noted that listening music during PA had a positive weak relation with IPAQ (r=0.303, p<0.01) and CBPAQ (r=0.273, p<0.01); a negative weak relation with PABQ (r=-0.227, p<0.01). Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that listening to music during PA could positively affect the PA level, while decreasing the PA barrier perception in university-aged people. Pop music could be preferred during PA, unlike general preferences. In order to fully determine the role of music in terms of strategies to increase the PA level in university-aged people, new studies are needed that take into account the intensity of listening to music and PA's conducted without listening to music.

Keywords: Music; physical education and training; barrier
REFERENCES:
  1. Oja P, Titze S. Physical activity recommendations for public health: development and policy context. EPMA J. 2011;2(3):253-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838): 219-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Organization, WH. Global Health Risk: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009. [Link] 
  4. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):247-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Scott SE, Breckon JD, Copeland RJ. An integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioural intervention promoting physical activity maintenance for adults with chronic health conditions: A feasibility study. Chronic Illn. 2019;15(4):276-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Quested E, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Hagger MS, Hancox JE. Evaluating quality of implementation in physical activity interventions based on theories of motivation: current challenges and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2017;10(1):252-69. [Crossref] 
  7. Morgan PJ, Young MD, Smith JJ, Lubans DR. Targeted health behavior ınterventions promoting physical activity: A conceptual model. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2016;44(2):71-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Hallett R, Lamont A. Music use in exercise: A questionnaire study. Media Psychology. 2017; 20(4):658-84. [Crossref] 
  9. Hutchinson JC, Jones L, Vitti SN, Moore A, Dalton PC, O'Neil BJ. The influence of self-selected music on affect-regulated exercise intensity and remembered pleasure during treadmill running. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2018;7(1):80. [Crossref] 
  10. Bigliassi M, Dantas JL, Carneiro JG, Smirmaul BPC, Altimari LR. Influence of music and its moments of application on performance and psychophysiological parameters during a 5km time trial. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 2012;5(3):83-90. [Crossref] 
  11. Karageorghis CI, Priest DL. Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I). Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012;5(1):44-66. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Karageorghis CI, Priest DL. Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II). Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012;5(1):67-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Eliakim M, Meckel Y, Nemet D, Eliakim A. The effect of music during warm-up on consecutive anaerobic performance in elite adolescent volleyball players. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28(4):321-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Hutchinson JC, Sherman T, Davis L, Cawthon D, Reeder NB, Tenenbaum G. The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout, International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2011;42(2):135-48. [Link] 
  15. Carmichael KE, Marshall DN, Roche BM, Olson RL. Effects of music on arousal, affect, and mood following moderate-intensity cycling. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings. 2018;2(10): 91. [Link] 
  16. Clark JC, Baghurst T, Redus BS. Self-selected motivational music on the performance and perceived exertion of runners. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Dec 13. Epub ahead of print. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Moss SL, Enright K, Cushman S. The influence of music genre on explosive power, repetitions to failure and mood responses during resistance exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2018;37:128-38. [Crossref] 
  18. Gürgen ET. Musical preference and music education: Musical preferences of Turkish university students and their levels in genre identification. International Journal of Music Education. 2016;34(4):459-71. [Crossref] 
  19. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Ibrahim S, Karim NA, Oon NL, Ngah WZ. Perceived physical activity barriers related to body weight status and sociodemographic factors among Malaysian men in Klang Valley. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:275. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Yurtcicek S, Sahin NH, Miral M. Fiziksel aktivite engelleri ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The study of the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of physical activity barriers questi onnaıre]. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2018;71:396-404. [Crossref] 
  23. Schembre SM, Durand CP, Blissmer BJ, Greene GW. Development and validation of the cognitive behavioral physical activity questionnaire. Am J Health Promot. 2015;30(1):58-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Eskiler E, Küçükibiş F, Gülle M, Soyer F. Bilişsel davranışçı fiziksel aktivite ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The cognitive behavioral physical activity questionnaire: A study of validity and reliability]. Journal of Human Sciences. 2016;13(2):2577-87. [Crossref] 
  25. Terry PC, Karageorghis CI, Curran ML, Martin OV, Parsons-Smith RL. Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2020;146(2):91-117. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Dunn PG, de Ruyter B, Bouwhuis DG. Toward a better understanding of the relation between music preference, listening behavior, and personality. Psychology of Music. 2012;40:411-28. [Crossref] 
  27. Bonneville-Roussy A, Rentfrow PJ, Xu MK, Potter J. Music through the ages: Trends in musical engagement and preferences from adolescence through middle adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;105(4):703-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Hadzovic M, Lilic A, Prvulovic N, Ilic P, Stankovic M. Effects of the aerobic exercise program with music on the body composition and subcutaneous fat of young women: A systematic review. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;4(4): 45-55. [Link] 
  29. Gelius P, Tcymbal A, Abu-Omar K, Mendes R, Tribuzi Morais S, Whiting S, et al. Status and contents of physical activity recommendations in European Union countries: a systematic comparative analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(2): e034045. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Rhoads KJ, Sosa SR, Rogers RR, Kopec TJ, Ballmann CG, et al. Sex differences in response to listening to self-selected music during repeated high-ıntensity sprint exercise. Sexes. 2021;2:60-8. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com