Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Mesleki Rehabilitasyon Örnekleri: Geleneksel Derleme
Vocational Rehabilitation Examples: Traditional Review
Sevgi CANBAZa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(4):1260-70
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-89465
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Modern toplumlarda toplumsal katılımın en önemli belirleyicilerinden biri de istihdamdır. İstihdam, para kazanma fırsatı sağlamanın yanı sıra sosyal güvenlik sistemi, sosyal ilişkiler ve tanınma, düzenli bir zaman yapısı ve prestij kapsamında belirli haklara erişimi de sağlamaktadır. Diğer yandan, gününün büyük bir bölümünü iş yerinde geçiren bir çalışan birçok risk faktörüne maruz kalmaktadır. Bu risk faktörleri, meslek hastalıklarına ve iş kazalarına neden olmakta, bu durumlar engellilikle sonuçlanmaktadır. İş kaynaklı engellilik, hem gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkelere büyük bir yük getirmektedir. Dünya çapında her yıl iş kazaları veya meslek hastalıkları sonucu 2 milyon erkek ve kadın ölmekte, 90 milyon 'disability adjusted life years (DALY)' yükü oluşturmakta ve 268 milyon ölümcül olmayan iş yeri kazası sonucu oluşan engellilik işten çıkarmayla sonuçlanmaktadır. Mesleki rehabilitasyon; tıbbi tedavi ve işe yerleştirme hizmetlerine ilaveten; psikolojik yardım, kariyer danışmanlığı ve rehberlik, mesleki eğitim, mesleki değerlendirme ve takip, iş yeri düzenlemeleri ve yardımcı donanımların sağlanması gibi bir dizi ek hizmetin planlamasını ve sağlanmasını gerektiren karmaşık ve kapsamlı bir alandır. Mesleki rehabilitasyonun diğer rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinden farkı; bireyin mevcut durumuna uygun mesleği bulmak, uygulanabilirliği için müdahale etmek ve her türlü desteği sağlamaktır. Engellilik sonrası uygulanan mesleki rehabilitasyon kültürel farklılıklar, kamu politikaları, ekonomik farklılıklar gibi pek çok nedenlerle farklı yapılanmalara gitmektedir. Bu nedenle bu derlemenin amacında olduğu gibi farklı ülkelerin yapılanması sunulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mesleki rehabilitasyon; iş sağlığı
ABSTRACT
 Employment is one of the most important determinants of social participation in modern societies. In addition to providing the opportunity to earn money, employment also provides access to certain rights within the scope of the social security system, social relations and recognition, a regular time structure and prestige. On the other hand, an employee who spends most of his day at work is exposed to many risk factors. These risk factors cause occupational diseases and occupational accidents, which result in disability. Work-related disability places a huge burden on both developing and developed countries. Each year, 2 million men and women died as a result of work accidents or occupational diseases and creating a burden of 90 million 'disability adjusted life years (DALYs)', and 268 million non-fatal workplace accident-related disability resulting in layoffs. Vocational rehabilitation is a complex and comprehensive field that requires the planning and provision of a range of additional services, such as psychological assistance, career counseling and guidance, vocational training, vocational evaluation and follow-up, workplace arrangements and provision of auxiliary equipment, in addition to medical treatment and job placement services. The difference of vocational rehabilitation from other rehabilitation services is to find the profession suitable for the current situation of the individual, to intervene for its applicability and to provide all kinds of support. Vocational rehabilitation applied after disability goes to different structures due to many reasons such as cultural differences, public policies, economic differences. Therefore, as for the purpose of this review, the structuring of different countries can be presented.

Keywords: Vocational rehabilitation; occupational health
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