Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kemoterapi Alan Kanser Hastalarında Stres Yaratan Durumlar ve Stresle Baş Etme Stratejileri: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Stressful Situations in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and Strategies for Coping with Stress: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study
Zuhal SERBESTa , Serap SAYARb
aNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji BD, Konya, Türkiye
bKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2023;15(3):810-21
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2022-95152
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, kemoterapi alan kanser hastalarında stres oluşturan durumları ve hastaların stresle baş etme stratejilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 10 Ekim 2021-30 Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında onkoloji kliniğinde yatan 150 hasta oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında ''Sosyodemografik, Klinik Özellikler ve Stres Yaratan Durumlara İlişkin Bilgi Formu'' ve ''Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeğ'' kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastalarda kemoterapi tedavisinin yan etkilerinden en fazla bulantı kusma (%47) ve yorgunluğun (%65) stres oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastalar, ölçek alt boyutlarından en fazla kendine güvenli yaklaşımı kullanmışlardır. Hastaların boyun eğici yaklaşım puan ortalaması, eğitim durumuna ve yaş gruplarına göre; iyimser yaklaşım puan ortalaması tanı süresi ve medeni duruma göre farklılık göstermektedir. Fiziksel sorunlar ile baş etmede profesyonel yardım alanların, çaresiz yaklaşım puan ortalaması; psikososyal sorunlarla baş etmede dikkatini başka yöne çekme davranışı kullananların boyun eğici yaklaşım puan ortalaması daha düşüktür. Sonuç: Kırk yaş üzeri ve eğitim durumu düşük olan hastaların daha çok boyun eğici yaklaşımı kullandığı, evli ve tanı aldığı süre 24 aydan fazla olan hastaların daha az iyimser yaklaşım kullandığı, fiziksel sorunlarla baş etmek için profesyonel yardım almayanların çaresiz yaklaşımı daha fazla kullandığı ve psikososyal sorunlarla baş etmek için dikkati başka yöne çekme tekniği kullanmayanların boyun eğici yaklaşımı daha fazla kullandığı, bu hastaların stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının etkisiz olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanser; hemşirelik; stres; stresle baş etme; kemoterapi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was performed to determine the stressors of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and their strategies for coping with stress. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample of the study was 150 patients who were hospitalized in the oncology clinic between October 10, 2021 and March 30, 2022. ''Sociodemographic, Clinical and StressCreating Situations Information Form'' and ''Ways of Coping Inventory'' were used as data collection tools. Results: It was determined that the most common side effects of chemotherapy treatment were nausea- vomiting (47%) and fatigue (65%). The patients used the selfconfident approach the most among the scale sub-dimensions. According to the sub-dimension scores of the scale submissive approach, education level and age groups; optimistic approach mean score shows a statistically significant difference according to the duration of diagnosis, marital status. The average score of the helpless approach in coping with physical problems compared to those who did not receive professional help; those who use distraction behavior in coping with psychosocial problems have a lower submissive approach score average. Conclusion: Patients over the age of 40 and with low educational status use more submissive approach, patients who are married and have more than 24 months of diagnosis use less optimistic approach, those who didn't seek professional help to cope with physical problems use the desperate approach more, and those who didn't use attention diverting techniques to cope with psychosocial problems use the submissive approach more, the way these patients coped with stress was found to be ineffective.

Keywords: Cancer; nursing; stress; coping with stress; chemotherapy
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