Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kara ve Su Aktivitelerinin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerin Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Epileptik Nöbetlerine Etkileri: Deneysel Çalışma
The Effects of Land and Water Activities on Physical Fitness and Epileptic Seizures of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Experimental Study
Ebubekir AKSAYa,b
aTV Eberbach e.V. Sağlık, Rehabilitasyon ve Engelli Sporları Bölümü, Almanya
bGelişim Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022;14(2):181-90
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-87638
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylerin sınırlı derecede fiziksel aktiviteye katılmaları, motor gelişimini olumsuz etkileyerek epileptik nöbetleri tetikleyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, düzenli fiziksel aktiviteler ile fiziksel uygunluk ve epileptik nöbetler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya; 9 okuldan kaynaştırma eğitimi gören, yaşları 11-14 arasında olan, haftada en az 5 epileptik nöbet geçiren 30 OSB'li erkek katılmıştır. Katılımcılar rastgele atanarak kara grubu (n=15; Xyaş=12,53±1,25) ve su grubu (n=15; Xyaş=12,27±1,10) olmak üzere 2 grup oluşturulmuştur. Yirmi altı hafta süreyle kara grubuna sadece karada, su grubuna ise sadece suda haftada 2 gün 45 dk'lık fiziksel aktivite programı uygulanmıştır. Fiziksel uygunluğu ölçmek için Brockport Fiziksel Uygunluk Testi kullanılmış ve epileptik nöbet sayıları ailelerin ve öğretmenlerin değerlendirmeleriyle belirlenmiştir. Verilerin normallik dağılımında Shapiro-Wilk testi ve betimsel istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasındaki farkın belirlenmesinde bağımsız örneklem t-testi, grup içi farkın belirlenmesinde bağımlı örneklem ttesti kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yirmi altı haftalık düzenli fiziksel aktivite programı ile fiziksel uygunluk bileşenleri ve epileptik nöbetlerdeki düşüş arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Karada uygulanan fiziksel aktiviteler ile aerobik dayanıklılık, kol kuvveti, karın kuvveti ve esneklik özelliklerinin daha fazla geliştiği; su içinde uygulanan egzersizlerin ise epileptik nöbetlerin düşmesinde daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuçlar, fiziksel uygunluk ve epileptik nöbet değerlendirmeleri için önemli ipuçları vererek, fiziksel aktivitenin günlük yaşama entegre edilmesi ile OSB tanısı olan gençlerin fiziksel uygunluk ve epileptik nöbetlerini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu; epileptik nöbet; fiziksel aktivite; motor gelişim; vücut koordinasyon
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who engage in minimal physical exercise may experience epileptic seizures as a result of impaired motor development. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between regular physical activity and physical fitness, and epileptic seizures. Material and Methods: The study included 30 males with ASD, aged 11 to 14, who received inclusive education from 9 schools and experienced at least 5 epileptic seizures each week. The study is based participants being randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: Land (n=15; Xyears=12.53±1.25) or water (n=15; Xyears=12.27±1.10). A 45-minute physical activity was provided 2 days a week to the land group only on land and to the water group only in the water for 26 weeks. Physical fitness was measured using the Brockport Physical Fitness Test, and the number of epileptic seizures was assessed by family and teacher observations. The ShapiroWilk test and descriptive statistics were employed to determine the normality distribution of the data. The difference between groups was determined using an independent sample t-test, the within-group difference was determined using a dependent sample t-test. Results: Discovered a correlation between a 26-week regular physical exercise program and physical fitness components as well a reduction in epileptic seizures. It was suggested that land-based physical activities enhanced aerobic endurance, arm strength, abdominal strength, and flexibility attributes more than water-based exercises, whereas water-based exercises were more helpful in lowering epileptic episodes. Conclusion: The results provide essential information for assessing physical fitness and epileptic seizures in young people with ASD, and it is believed that incorporating physical exercise into daily life will have a positive impact on physical fitness and epileptic seizures.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; epileptic seizure; physical exercise; motor development; body coordination
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