Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Kamu Hastanelerinin Sağlık Turizmindeki Etik Konumu
Ethical Position of Public Hospitals in Health Tourism
Seden DÜRÜSTKANa
aİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(2):285-91
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2019-71338
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlık turizmi eski çağlardan beri var olan bir kavram olmasına rağmen kendisine tanım olarak son yüzyılda bir karşılık bulmuş, ancak sektör açısından son 10 yılda gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Genel olarak turizm hizmetleri içinde sağlık gereksinimlerinin giderilmesi olarak karşımıza çıkan bu kavramda piyasada ilk olarak özel kuruluşlar hizmet verse de zamanla devletler de bu hizmet sunucuları arasına dâhil olmuş fakat azınlıkta kalmışlardır. Devletin hizmet sunucuları arasında sayılmasının en büyük nedenlerinden biri sağlığın bir temel hak olması sebebi ile kamu hizmeti sınıfına girmesi ve bunun doğal sonucu olarak sağlık faaliyetlerinin hâlihazırda devlet tarafından sunuluyor olmasıdır. Ancak kamu hizmeti olarak faaliyet sunulan bir alanın turizm gibi özel kuruluşların bulunduğu alan ile birleştirilmesi beraberinde birçok soru işareti de getirmektedir. Bu soru işaretleri ise etiksel alanda yoğunlaşmaktadır. Sağlık turizminin etik boyutunu inceleyecek olan çalışmada, sınırlı kaynaklar ile mevcut taleplerin karşılanması perspektifinden kamu hastanelerinin sağlık turizmi pastasındaki yeri değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmada öncelikle sağlık turizmi kavramından, kamu hizmeti ve temel hak kavramı ile başlığı genişletmeden sağlık turizminde devletin rolünden ve daha sonra sağlık turizminin etik boyutundan bahsedilecektir. Ancak sağlık turizmi başlığının genişliği sebebi ile etik tartışmalar, kamu hastaneleri penceresinden kişisel sağlık verilerinde, fiyatlandırma ve tedavide etik olarak üç sorun ile sınırlı olarak incelenecektir. Etik sorunların değerlendirilmesi birincil ve ikincil etik ilkeler üzerinden yapılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık turizmi; etik; sağlık hukuku; turizm
ABSTRACT
 Although health tourism is a concept that has existed since ancient times, it has found a definition in the last century but it has started to come up in the last decade in terms of the sector. In this concept, which is generally seen as the obviating of health care needs in tourism services, even though private institutions serve for the first time in the market, governments have become part of these service providers in time but they have remained in the minority. One of the main reasons why the state is considered to be among the service providers is that health is included in the public service class because it is a fundamental right, and as a natural consequence, health activities are already being offered by the state. However, combining these two a service area brings along many questions. These questions are concentrated in the ethical area. In this study, which will examine the ethical dimension of health tourism, the place of public hospitals in health tourism pie will be evaluated from the perspective of meeting current demands with limited resources. In this study, firstly the concept of health tourism, the role of the state in health tourism, without expanding the title with the concept of public service and fundamental rights, and then the ethical dimension of health tourism will be mentioned. However, due to the breadth of the title of health tourism, ethical debates will be examined from the public hospitals window with three ethical problems, personal health data, pricing ethics and treatment ethics. Evaluation of ethical problems will be based on primary and secondary ethical principles.

Keywords: Health tourism; ethics; health law; tourism
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