Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Identifying Sleep Quality of the Elderly and Their Methods of Coping with Sleep Problems
Yaşlı Bireylerin Uyku Kalitelerinin ve Uyku Problemleri ile Baş Etme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesi
Deniz SAY ŞAHİNa
aBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sosyal Hizmet Bölümü, Burdur, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2020;3(1):18-26
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2020-73360
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to identify sleep quality of the elderly, the factors affecting their sleep quality, and their methods of coping with sleep problems, and therefore to guide the planning of the correct implementations. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 392 volunteer elderly participants living in downtown and districts of Burdur. The data were collected using a form asking demographic information and information about sleep, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), chi-square test, and correlation analysis were used to define continuous variables in the data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.69±5.48. It was observed that 45.2% were male, 37.5% were primary school graduates, 80.6% were married, 78.8% had a chronic disease. In the study, the mean PSQI score was found to be 8.12±2.88, and 62.3% had poor sleep quality. It was found out that the factor affecting sleep quality most was pain (69.9%); 75.8% of the participants sleep at different times during the day; and among the coping methods, praying, tasbihat (invocation), and listening to the Holy Quran had the highest rate (55.9%). Conclusion: Sleep problems are common, and sleep quality decreases in the elderly, which is boosted as age advances. The causes of sleep problems in the elderly and the methods of coping with them should be investigated and the factors causing sleep problems should be controlled.

Keywords: Aged; sleep; quality; coping; problem
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma yaşlı bireylerin uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, uyku problemleri ile baş etme yöntemlerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu bağlamda doğru uygulamaların planlanmasına yol göstermek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Burdur il merkezi ve ilçelerinde yaşayan 392 gönüllü yaşlı katılımcı ile yapılmıştır. Veriler; kişisel ve uykuya dair bilgileri içeren bilgi formu ile Pittsburg Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde sürekli değişkenleri tanımlamak için tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama, standart sapma, minimum, maksimum), ki-kare testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya alınan yaşlı bireylerin yaş ortalaması 69,69±5,48 olup, %45,2'sinin erkek, %37,5'inin ilkokul mezunu, %80,6'sının evli, %78,8'inin kronik bir hastalığı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada PUKİ puan ortalamalarının 8,12±2,88 olduğu, %62,3'ünün kötü uyku kalitesine sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Uyku kalitesini en çok etkileyen faktörün ağrı (%69,9) olduğu, katılımcıların %75,8'inin gün içinde farklı sürelerde uyuduğu, başetme yöntemleri arasında en yüksek oranın dua etmek, tesbihat, Kur-an'ı Kerim dinlemek (%55,9) olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Yaşlı bireylerde uyku ile ilgili problemler sık görülmekte, uyku kalitesi azalmakta ve bu durum yaş ilerledikçe artış göstermektedir. Yaşlı bireylerin uyku sorunu yaşama nedenleri ve baş etme yöntemleri araştırılıp, uyku sorununa neden olan faktörler kontrol altına alınmaya çalışılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı; uyku; kalite; baş etme; problem
REFERENCES:
  1. Campbell SS, Murphy PJ. The nature of spontaneous sleep across adulthood. J Sleep Res. 2007;16(1):24-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Karadakovan A. Yaşlılık ve geriatri hemşireliği. Karadakovan A, Aslan F. Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalıklarda Bakım Kitabı. 2. Baskı. Adana: Nobel Kitabevi; 2011. p.119-27.
  3. da Silva EF, Paniz VMV, Laste G, da Silva Torres IL. [The prevalence of morbidity and symptoms among the elderly: a comparative study between rural and urban areas]. Cien Saude Colet. 2013;18(4):1029-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Önal AE, Şeker Ş, Temizkan N, Kaya N, Tezoğlu C, Önelge Gür S, et al. [Sleep disorders during old ages and related factors: the results of the +65 active aging project]. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2012;15(4):390-5.
  5. Bilgili N, Kitiş Y, Ayaz S. [Assessment of loneliness, quality of sleep and affecting factors in elders]. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2012;15(1):81-8.
  6. Babacan Gümüş A, Engin E, Özgür G. [Evaluation of sleep pattern characteristics of the elderly without a cognitive disorder living in a nursing home]. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2009;12(3):138-46.
  7. Navarro B, López-Torres J, Andrés F, Latorre JM, Montes MJ, Párraga I. Validation of the Insomnia in the elderly scale for the detection of insomnia in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13(3):646-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Mousavi F, Tavabi AA, Iran-Pour E, Tabatabaei R, Golestan B. Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia syndrome in the elderly residing in kahrizak nursing home, Tehran, Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 2012;41(1):96-106.
  9. McCall WV. Diagnosis and management of insomnia in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7 Suppl):S272-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Cuellar NG, Rogers AE, Hisghman V, Volpe SL. Assessment and treatment of sleep disorders in the older adult. Geriatr Nurs. 2003;28(4):254-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Ancoli-Israel S, Cooke JR. Prevelance and comorbidity of insomnia and effect on functioning in elderly populations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7 Suppl):264-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. [The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1996;7(2):107-15.
  13. Fadıloğlu Ç, İlkbay Y, Yıldırım Y. [Sleep quality among nursing home residents]. Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2006;9(3):165-9.
  14. Eser I, Khorsid L, Cinar S. Sleep quality of older adults in nursing homes in Turkey: enhancing the quality of sleep improves quality of life. J Gerontol Nurs. 2007;33(10):42-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Ceyhan Ö, Göriş S, Zincir H. [An important problems affecting sleep in elderly individuals: incontinence]. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;27(1):29-35.
  16. Corley MC, Ferriter J, Zeh J, Gifford C. Physiological and psychological effects of back rubs. Appl Nurs Res. 1995;8(1):39-42. [Crossref] 
  17. Pekçetin S, İnal Ö. [The relationship between sleep quality in the elderly with fatique and quality of life]. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2019;10(4):604-8.
  18. Haack M, Sanchez E, Mullington JM. Elevated inflammatory markers in response to prolonged sleep restriction are associated with increased pain experience in healthy volunteers. Sleep. 2007;30(9):1145-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Çalık İ, Algun C. [Relationship between physical activity and sleep quality in the elderly]. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2013;24(1):110-7.
  20. Zee P, Bloom HG. Understanding and resolving insomnia in the elderly. Geriatrics. 2006;61:1-12.
  21. Gümüş AB, Engin E, Özgür G. [Evaluation of sleep pattern characteristics of the elderly without a cognitive disorder living in a nursing home]. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2009;12(3):138-46.
  22. Stenholm S, Kronholm E, Sainio P, Borodulin K, Era Pe, Fogelholm M, et al. Sleep-related factors and mobility in older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;65(6):649-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Spira AP, Covinsky K, Rebok GW, Punjabi NM, Stone KL, Hillier TA, et al. Poor sleep quality and functional decline in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(6):1092-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Spira AP, Kaufmann CN, Kasper JD, Ohayon MM, Rebol GW, Skidmore E, et al. Association between insomnia symptoms and functional status in U.S. older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 1):S35-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Saltan A, Boğa SM, Kalındemirtaş MK. [The investigation of physical health/function and sleep in older adults]. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2018;28(2):31-7.
  26. Çınar Ş, Eşer İ. [Effect on sleep quality of back massage in older adults in rest home]. DEUHYO ED. 2012;5(1):2-7.
  27. Çınar Ş, Eşer İ, Khorshid L. The effects of back massage on the vital signs and anxiety level of elderly staying in a rest home. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2009;16(2):14-21.
  28. Ferrell-Torry A, Glick O. The use of therapeutic massage as a nursing intervention to modify to modify anxiety and the perception of cancer pain. Cancer Nurs. 1993;16(2):93-101. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Fraser J, Kerr JR. Psychophysiological effects of back massage on elderly institutionalize patients. J Adv Nurs. 1993;18(2):238-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Crowley K. Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. Neuropsychol Rev. 2011;21(1):41-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Bulut S. [Sleep disorders and treatment in other people]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics. 2016;9(4):33-41.
  32. Floyd JA. Sleep promotion in adults. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 1999;17:27-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Akdemir N, Tel H. Dinlenme-Uyku ve düzensizliklerinde hemşirelik bakımı. Akdemir N, Birol L. İç Hastalıkları ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Sistem Ofset; 2004. p.129-32.
  34. Rebouças M, Coelho-Filho JM, Veras RP, Lima-Costa MF, Ramos LR. Validity of questions about activities of Daily living to screen for dependency in older adults. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;4(51):84-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  35. Taşar PT, Şahin S. [Sleep disorders and their management in elderly]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Geriatr-Special Topics. 2017;3(2):104-9.

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com