Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
İdeal Doğum Ortamı Nasıl Olmalı?
How Should it be Ideal Delivery Environment?
Bihter AKINa, Ummahan YÜCELb
aSelçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, Konya, TÜRKİYE
bEge Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(3):681-7
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-72527
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Doğum, kadınların yaşamında eşsiz bir deneyimdir. Doğum deneyimini etkileyen en önemli etkenlerden biri de doğum ortamıdır. Son zamanlarda, özellikle anne ve bebek sağlığını tehdit edebilecek durumlara karşı hazırlıklı olmak adına doğum ortamları birçok teknolojik aletin bir arada bulunduğu medikal ortam hâlini almıştır. Kadınların çoğu, yabancı oldukları bu doğum ortamında korku ve endişe duyarlar. Bu duygular, travay ve doğum eyleminin nörohormonal sürecini kesintiye uğratır ve müdahale olasılığını artırır. Son yıllarda doğumların aşırı tıbbileşmesi eleştirilmekte ve doğumun fizyolojisini koruyacak doğum ortamlarının önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Doğum ortamının tasarımında önemli unsurlar; mahremiyet, suya girebilme imkânı, duş ve tek kişilik tuvalet, aydınlatma, pencereler, gürültü, ses, dekor, mobilya ve ekipman, hareket etmek için yeterli alan, manzara, koku, kişisel eşyalar, gebelerin desteklenmesine izin verme, kadının kültürüne uygun davranışlardır. Kadınlar ise doğum yaptıkları alan için en önemli 3 etkenin şunlar olduğunu belirtmiştir: Temiz bir oda, etrafta rahatça dolaşabilme, diğer insanlar tarafından göz ardı edilmeme ya da göz önünde bulundurulmamaktır. Bunların yanı sıra doğum süresince istedikleri kişilerle aynı odada kalmalarına izin verme, tek kişilik banyo ve tuvalet, odadaki ışık ve ısıyı kontrol edebilme, acil durumda kullanılacak olan ekipmanın yakın olduğunu bilme ancak görmeme, atıştırmalık yiyecek ve içeceklere kolay erişim gibi özelliklerin de doğum alanında olması gereken özellikler olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu unsurların göz önünde bulundurulması, en iyi doğum sonuçlarının elde edilmesine ve kadınların olumlu doğum deneyimi yaşamalarına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derlemede, doğum ortamı tasarımı ile ilgili mevcut kanıtları ve uygulamaları incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğum; doğum odaları; ebelik
ABSTRACT
 Birth is a unique experience in women's lives. One of the most important factors affecting the birth experience is the birth environment. Recently, especially in order to be prepared for situations that may threaten the health of mother and baby, birth environments have become medical environments where many technological devices are combined. Most women feel anxious and fear in birth environment where they are foreigners. These feelings interfere with the neuro-hormonal process of labor and birth, and increase the likelihood of interference. In recent years over-medicalization of birth has been criticized and emphasizes the importance of birth environment that will protect birth physiology. Important elements in the design of the birth environment are: the privacy, the possibility of access to water, the shower and single toilet, the lighting, the windows, the noise, the sound, the decor, the furniture and the equipment, enough space to move, the landscape, the smell, personal property, allowing the support of pregnancy, culturally appropriate behavior. Women stated that the 3 most important factors for the area in which they give birth are: a clean room, being able to move around freely, not being ignored or ignored by other people. In addition, during the birth of the people they want to stay in the same room, single bathroom and toilet, control the room light and temperature, emergency equipment to be close to know but not seeing, such as easy access to snacks and drinks should be in the delivery area features. Taking these factors into consideration will contribute to the best birth results and to the positive birth experiences of women. This narrative review was conducted with the aim of examining the current evidence and practice on birth environment designe.

Keywords: Delivery; delivery rooms; midwifery
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