Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: REVIEW
High Security Forensic Psychiatry Hospitals in Türkiye Current Status and Future Challenges: Traditional Review
Türkiye'de Yüksek Güvenlikli Adli Psikiyatri Hastaneleri Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Zorluklar: Geleneksel Derleme
Hakan KARAAĞAÇa , Tuğba KARAb
aHigh Security Forensic Psychiatry Clinic, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Türkiye
bPrivate Physician, Kayseri, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(2):149-56
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2023-95917
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 In many countries where modern law is valid, people who have a mental health illness that do not know the meaning and consequences of the crime they commit are not punished. However, for those who are in this situation, a security measure for the purposes of protection and treatment shall be imposed. High security forensic psychiatric hospitals, the first of which were opened in Adana in Türkiye in 2018, continue to be opened in line with the National Mental Health Action Plan of the Ministry of Health. In addition to the forensic psychiatry services within the regional mental health hospitals used until today; 6 high security forensic psychiatric hospitals were opened within the city hospital campuses in Adana, Kayseri, Elâzığ, Eskişehir, Bursa and Ankara. There are a total of 407 forensic psychiatry beds in these hospitals, of which 371 are male, 26 female, and 10 child and adolescent beds. Forensic psychiatry is an interdisciplinary field that fills the gaps between law and medical science and requires the coordinated work of different professions. High security forensic psychiatric hospitals have an important place in the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals who are included in the judicial system and who do not have criminal responsibility. In the literature, it is seen that there are very few studies on high security forensic psychiatric hospitals in Türkiye. In this review; It is aimed to evaluate the historical development of forensic psychiatry in Türkiye, the current situation and the future planning of forensic psychiatry hospitals in the light of literature.

Keywords: Criminal responsibility; forensic sciences; forensic psychiatry; forensic psychiatric hospital
ÖZET
 Modern hukukun geçerli olduğu birçok ülkede işlediği suçun anlam ve sonuçlarını bilemeyecek derecede bir ruh sağlığı hastalığına sahip olan kişilere ceza verilmemektedir. Ancak bu kişilere koruma ve tedavi amacıyla güvenlik tedbiri uygulanır. Türkiye'de de ilki 2018 yılında Adana ilinde açılan yüksek güvenlikli adli psikiyatri hastaneleri Sağlık Bakanlığı Ulusal Ruh Sağlığı Eylem Planı doğrultusunda açılmaya devam etmektedir. Bugüne kadar kullanılan bölge ruh sağlığı hastaneleri içinde adli psikiyatri servislerine ek olarak; Adana, Kayseri, Elâzığ, Eskişehir, Bursa ve Ankara illerindeki şehir hastaneleri kampüsleri içinde 6 adet yüksek güvenlikli adli psikiyatri hastanesi açılmıştır. Bu hastanelerde 371 erkek, 26 kadın, 10 çocuk ergen yatağı olmak üzere toplam 407 adli psikiyatri yatağı mevcuttur. Adli psikiyatri hukuk ve tıp bilimi arasındaki boşlukları dolduran farklı mesleklerin koordinasyonlu çalışmasını gerektiren disiplinler arası bir alandır. Yüksek güvenlikli adli psikiyatri hastaneleri adli sisteme dâhil olmuş ceza ehliyeti olmayan bireylerin tedavi ve rehabilitasyonlarında önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Literatüre bakıldığında Türkiye'de yüksek güvenlikli adli psikiyatri hastaneleri konusunda yapılmış çalışmaların oldukça az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede; Türkiye'de adli psikiyatrinin tarihsel gelişimi, günümüzdeki mevcut durum ve adli psikiyatri hastanelerinin gelecekteki planlamalarına ilişkin durumla ilgili literatür bilgileri eşliğinde değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ceza ehliyeti; adli bilimler; adli psikiyatri; adli psikiyatri hastanesi
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