Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Hemşirelikte Merhamet ve Merhamet Yorgunluğu: Kavram Analizi
Compassion and Compassion Fatigue in Nursing: Concept Analysis
Kadriye DOĞUa, Nilüfer DEMİRSOYb
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık, Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Hemşirelik Sağlık Hizmetleri Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
bEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):463-73
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-74203
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Hemşireler toplum ve insan sağlığının korunması ve iyileştirici üstünlüğü eylemleri bakımdan ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde kilit rol oynamaktır. Hem soyut hem de somut kavramlar açısından hemşirelik, bir bireyin sahip olması gereken bütün özelliklerini girişim ve uygulamalarının içinde barındırır. Bunları gerçekleştirirken, üstün yetenek ve ahlaki yargılarla mesleki biçimlenmesi sürdürebilmektedir. Hemşirelerin bakım uygulamaları esnasında ortaya çıkan etik sorunların çözümünde önemli kavramlardan biri merhametli davranışlardır. Merhamet ve merhametli bakım hemşirelik sürecinin başlangıcıdır. Merhamet bir başkasının acı ve travmasına karşılık yaşanan olayın paylaşımıdır. Hemşirelikte merhamet araştırmalarında merhametin birçok tanımı yapılmıştır, ancak bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum, merhametin bağlamsal ve kültürel olarak spesifik bir değer ve duygu olduğunu göstermektedir. Hemşirelikte merhamet algısı oluşum ve gelişimi tamamen insani yollardan gerçekleşir. Merhamet toplum içinde her ne kadar göreceli bir kavram olsa da hemşirelik mesleğinde gerekli ve zorunludur. Uzun süreli etkileşimler, aynı olaya sürekli olarak maruz kalma, hemşirenin yaşam kalitesi, iş yeri stresi gibi etkenler merhamet gösteren bireyin üzerinde olumsuz değişikliklere yol açarak; duygusal, fiziksel, bilişsel, ruhsal ve sosyal olarak etkilenmesine neden olur. Mesleğin gelişimine yönelik tehditlerin belirlenmesinde profesyonel yaşam kalitesini etkileyen ve merhametin getirisi olan 'merhamet yorgunluğu'nun tanımlanması, ortaya çıkan olumsuz sonuçların değerlendirilmesi kaliteli bakım uygulamalarının sürdürülebilirliği ve profesyonellerin rollerinin üstünlüğü koruyabilecektir. Çalışmada merhamet kavramının meslek etiği ilkelerindeki yeri ve kavramın sağlık hizmetlerinin uygulanmasında ortaya çıkan, merhamet memnuniyeti ve merhamet yorgunluğu kavramlarının önemi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; etik; merhamet; merhamet yorgunluğu
ABSTRACT
 Nurses play a key role on both nationaland global scale for protecting the human and the public health as well as their reformative superiority actions. In terms of both abstract and concrete concepts, nursing includes all the features that an individual should have in their interventions and practices. In realizing these, professional formation can continue with superior talent and moral judgments. During nursing applications one of the important matter while overcoming ethical problems is the compassionate behaviour of the nurses. Compassion and compassionate nursing is the starting process of a nurse. Compassion is sharing the pain and the suffering of another. There are many definitions of compassion in nursing compassionate research, but there is no consensus. This shows that compassion is a contextually and culturally specific value and emotion.The formation and development of perception of compassion in nursing takes place in completely human-induced ways. Although compassion is a relative concept in society, it is necessary and compulsory in the nursing profession. Factors like long-term interactions, being exposed to same incident for a long period of time, life quality of the nurse and workplace stres have negative impacts on the compassionate individual and affect them emotionally, physically, cognitively, mentally and socially. By identifying threats to improvement of the profession, defining the term 'compasson fatigue' which is the yield of compassion and affects the professional life quality, evaluating the negative impacts and sustainability of quality care applications the superiority of professional's will be preserved. In the study, the concept 'compassion' is discussed in terms of its place in business ethicsprinciples and the importance of compassion satisfaction and fatigue emerging during care services.

Keywords: Nursing; ethics; compassion; compassion fatigue
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