Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Arteriyovenöz Fistül Bakımına Yönelik Öz Bakım Davranışlarının İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Determination of Hemodialysis Patients' Self-Care Behaviors of Fistula Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nurten ÖZENa, Tuğba CEPKENb
aDemiroğlu Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hastanesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İngilizce Hemşirelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bÖzel Koç Diyaliz Merkezi, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(2):542-9
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-84327
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Arteriyovenöz fistülün (AVF) açıklığının sağlanması, hemodiyaliz (HD) işleminin devam ettirilebilmesi için önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile amacımız, HD tedavisi uygulanan hastalarda AVF'ye yönelik öz bakım davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prospektif, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Şubat-Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'da özel bir diyaliz merkezinde yürütüldü. Veriler; Katılımcıların Tanıtıcı Özelliklerine İlişkin Veri Toplama Formu ve Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Arteriyovenöz Fistüle İlişkin Öz Bakım Davranışlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin karşılaştırmasında, Mann-Whitney U testi ve KruskalWallis testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırma, 74 hasta ile tamamlandı. Hastaların %43,2'si 48 aydan uzun süredir HD tedavisi almakta olup, %29,7'sine 2 ve üzerinde fistül açıldı. Katılımcıların fistüle ilişkin öz bakım davranışları, ölçeğin geneli için %90,62; belirti ve bulgu yönetimi alt boyutu için %100; komplikasyonların önlenmesi alt boyutu için %90'dır. Katılımcıların %47,3'ü fistül bakımı ile ilgili bilgi aldıklarını, eğitim alan hastaların %51,4'ü hemşireden eğitim aldığını, %60'ı fistül yerleştirildikten sonra ve %66,7'si fistül açıldıktan bir gün sonra eğitim verildiğini belirtti. Hasta ailelerinin %16,2'sine fistül bakımıyla ilgili eğitim verildiği ve bunların %50'sine eğitimin doktor tarafından verildiği saptandı. Ailelerin %58,3'üne ise fistül yerleştirildikten sonra eğitim verildiği saptandı. Sonuç: Katılımcıların, AVF'ye ilişkin öz bakım davranışlarının yüksek olduğu saptandı. AVF'ye ilişkin öz bakım davranışlarının iyileştirilmesi için sürekli eğitimlerin verilmesi önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemodiyaliz; öz bakım; bilgi; eğitim
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) requires maintenance of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency. The aim of this study was to determine HD patients' self-care behaviors of fistula care. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted between February and March 2019 in a private dialysis center in İstanbul. Data were collected using a Data Collection Form on Participants' Demographic Characteristics and Scale for Assessment of Hemodialysis Patients' Self-Care Behavior Regarding Arteriovenous Fistula. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparisons. Results: The study sample consisted of 74 patients. 43.2% had been receiving HD treatment for more than 48 months and 29.7% had 2 or more fistula tracts. The proportion of patients who performed self-care behaviors with the fistula was 90.62%, management of signs and symptoms subscale 100%, and prevention of complications 90%. 47.3% stated that they had received training on fistula care, of whom 51.4% stated that they had received it from nurses (60% after surgery and 66.7% one day after surgery). It was determined that 16.2% of the patient families were given training on fistula care and 50% of them were trained by the doctor. 58.3% of families were trained after fistula surgery. Conclusion: The patients' self-care behaviors related to fistula was high. The implementation of patient education programs is important to increase self-care behaviors with AVF.

Keywords: Hemodialysis; self care; knowledge; education
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