Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Hekim ve Hemşirelerin Bakım/Tedavi Uygulamalarındaki Etik Duyarlılıkları: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Ethical Sensitivity of Physicians and Nurses in Care/Treatment Practices: Descriptive Research
Cemile SAVCIa, Yurdanur KARAASLANb
aİstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bTaksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(2):143-50
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-87424
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Etik açıdan duyarlı ve ahlaki bakımdan kabul edilebilir bakım ve tedavi hizmetlerinin sunulabilmesi için sağlık profesyonellerinin etik duyarlılıklarını geliştirmeleri önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, hekim ve hemşirelerin etik duyarlılıklarının ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi ile etik duyarlılığın geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipteki araştırmanın örneklemini 93 hekim ve 192 hemşire olmak üzere 285 kişi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, 'Katılımcı Bilgi Formu' ve 'Ahlaki Duyarlılık Anketi (ADA)' kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız gruplarda t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmış ve önemlilik düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Katılımcıların ADA toplam puan ortalaması 84,98±10,90, alt boyut puan ortalamaları ve puanların minimum maksimum değerleri ise sırasıyla 'otonomi' 18,46±5,04 (7-32), 'yarar sağlama' 7,43±2,62 (4-15), 'bütüncül yaklaşım' 11,82±2,14 (8-17), 'çatışma' 16,61±3,17 (7-21), 'uygulama' 10,22±2,44 (6-20) ve 'oryantasyon' 6,70±2,43'tür (4-16). Katılımcıların ADA toplam puan ortalaması ile yaşı (p<0,01), meslekte çalışma yılı (p<0,05) ve öğrenim durumları (p<0,05) arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. ADA toplam puan ortalaması, katılımcıların öğrenim durumlarına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir (p<0,05). ADA toplam ve alt boyut puan ortalamaları ile minimum maksimum değerlerine göre katılımcıların etik duyarlılıkları normalden yüksek düzeydedir, ancak hastaya yaklaşımlarında ya da karar alırken çatışma yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Düşük puanlar yüksek etik duyarlılığa işaret etmekte olup, buna göre yaş, çalışma yılı ve öğrenim durumu arttıkça katılımcıların etik duyarlılıklarının arttığı, öğrenim durumu lise olanların ön lisans, lisans ve lisansüstü olanlara göre etik duyarlılıklarının daha düşük olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Etik duyarlılık; hekim; hemşire; tedavi; bakım
ABSTRACT
 It is important for health professionals to develop their ethical sensitivity in order to provide ethically sensitive and morally acceptable care and treatment services. In this study, it is aimed to determine the ethical sensitivities of physicians and nurses and related factors and to present suggestions for improving ethical sensitivity. The sample of the descriptive and correlational study consisted of 285 people, 93 physicians and 192 nurses. Data were collected using the 'Participant Information Form' and the 'Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ). Descriptive statistics, independent groups test and one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in the evaluation of the data, and the level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. The total mean MSQ score was 84.98±10.90, the sub-dimensions mean scores, and the minimum maximum values were 'autonomy' 18.46±5.04 (7-32), 'providing benefit', 7.43±2.62 (4- 15), 'holistic approach' 11.82±2.14 (8-17), 'conflict' 16.61±3.17 (7-21), 'application' 10.22±2.44 (6-20), and 'orientation' 6.70±2.43 (4-16), respectively. There is a negative significant relationship between the participants' MSQ total score and their age (p<0.01), years of working in the profession (p<0.05) and educational status (p<0.05). The MSQ mean score differs significantly according to the educational status of the participants (p<0.05). According to the MSQ total and sub-dimension scores averages, and minimum maximum values, the ethical sensitivity of the participants was higher than normal, but it was determined that they had conflicts in their approach to the patient or while making decisions. Low scores indicate high ethical sensitivity. Accordingly, it can be said that the ethical sensitivity of the participants increases as the age, working years and education level increase, and those with high school education have lower ethical sensitivity than those with associate, undergraduate and graduate degrees.

Keywords: Ethical sensitivity; physician; nurse; treatment; care
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