Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: REVIEW
Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılan Alternatif Protein Kaynakları: Geleneksel Derleme
Alternative Protein Sources Used in Animal Nutrition: Traditional Review
Esra ÇAĞAN ULUSANa , Mustafa Numan OĞUZa
aBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları ABD, Burdur, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2024;15(1):30-8
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2022-93492
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Hayvan beslemede protein gereksiniminin yeterli ve dengeli bir şekilde karşılanması yaşamsal faaliyetlerin devamı için gereklidir. Yemin protein bileşenleri hayvancılık faaliyetleri için çevresel ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik açısından oldukça önemlidir. Hayvan beslemede protein gereksiniminin yeterli ve dengeli bir şekilde karşılanması yaşamsal faaliyetlerin devamı için oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca bağışıklığın güçlenmesi ve hastalıklara yakalanma riskinin azaltılması yönünden de önemlidirler. Proteinin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda tüm çiftlik hayvanlarında verimde gerileme görülmektedir. Protein yetersizliği uzun süre devam ettiğinde ise ölümler meydana gelmektedir Günümüzde hayvan beslemede kullanılan geleneksel protein kaynaklarının her geçen gün artan fiyatlarından ötürü yeni protein kaynakları arayışına girilmiştir.Bu kaynaklar böcek proteinleri, tek hücre proteinleri ve çeşitli bitkisel proteinlerdir. Bu alternatif protein kaynakları biyokütlesini hızlı bir şekilde arttırması, protein değerlerinin yüksek olması ve ekonomik olması nedeniyle dikkat çekmektedir. Böcekler atık biyokütleyi yüksek değerli bir gıda ve yem kaynağına dönüştürebilmektedir. Son yıllarda büyük ölçekte böcek üretmenin mümkün olduğu ve bunların hayvan beslemede alternatif sürdürebilir protein açısından zengin bir yem hammaddesi olarak kullanmanın teknik olarak mümkün olduğunu gösterilmiştir. Tek hücre proteinleri yüksek protein içeriğine sahip mikroorganizmalardır. Yumurta tavuğu ve broylerler ile yapılan çalışmalarda karma yemlere Spirulina platensis eklenmesi hücresel ve humoral immüniteyi iyileştirdiği, besin maddelerinin sindirilme derecesinin arttırıldığı, patojenik olan bakterilerin yıkımlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bitkisel proteinler sürdürülebilirlik açısından hayvan beslemede değerlendirilmesi gereken önemli protein kaynaklarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Alternatif protein kaynakları; böcek proteinleri; tek hücre proteinleri, bitki proteinleri
ABSTRACT
 Meeting the protein requirement in animal nutrition in an adequate and balanced manner is necessary for the continuation of vital activities. Protein components of feed are very important in terms of environmental and economic sustainability for livestock activities. Meeting the protein requirement in animal nutrition in an adequate and balanced manner is very important for the continuation of vital activities. They are also important in strengthening immunity and reducing the risk of catching diseases. When protein is insufficient, productivity declines in all farm animals. When protein deficiency continues for a long time, deaths occur. Today, due to the ever-increasing prices of traditional protein sources used in animal nutrition, new protein sources have been sought. These sources are insect proteins, single cell proteins and various plant proteins. These alternative protein sources attract attention because they rapidly increase their biomass, have high protein values and are economical. Insects can transform waste biomass into a high-value food and feed source. In recent years, it has been shown that it is possible to produce insects on a large scale and to use them as an alternative sustainable protein-rich feed raw material in animal nutrition. Single cell proteins are microorganisms with high protein content. In studies conducted with laying hens and broilers, it has been observed that adding Spirulina platensis to mixed feeds improves cellular and humoral immunity, increases the degree of digestion of nutrients, and destroys pathogenic bacteria. Vegetable proteins are important protein sources that should be evaluated in animal nutrition in terms of sustainability.

Keywords: Alternative protein sources; insect proteins; single cell proteins, plant proteins
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