Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Havalı Tabanca Atıcılığına Biyomekaniksel Bir Yaklaşım: Geleneksel Derleme
A Biomechanical Approach to Air Pistol Shooting: Traditional Review
Emine İlkcan KURTa, Elif CENGİZELb
aGazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
bGazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(2):308-16
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-94046
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Atıcılık 15'ten fazla kategorisi olan olimpik bir spordur. Ancak en yaygın olan alt branş, her yaştan sporcunun katılabildiği havalı silahlar (tabanca ve tüfek) branşlarıdır. Havalı tabanca disiplini kapalı poligonlarda sporcuların sabit bir hedef karşısında pozisyon alarak 75 dk boyunca hedefe toplam 60 atış gerçekleştirdiği bir spordur. Havalı tabanca atış branşı, teknik doğruluğu en çok gerektiren disiplinlerden biri olmakla birlikte aynı zamanda başarı için aşırı hassasiyet gerektirir. Hata payı o kadar düşüktür ki atış esnasında yapılan milimetrik bir hata hedef uzaklığıyla doğru orantılı olarak büyük sapmalara sebebiyet verebilir. Atış esnasında sporcunun performansını etkileyen fiziksel, fizyolojik, psikolojik ve biyomekanik birçok faktör bulunur. Tabanca atışında, yüksek sportif performans için teknik bileşenlerin rolü büyüktür. Bu nedenle atış etkinliğini artırmak için teknik bileşenleri biyomekanik çalışmalar ile incelemek, motor hareketin kapsamını ve sınırlamalarını daha net görebilmeyi mümkün kılar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, havalı tabanca atıcılığının teknik safhaları olan pozisyon alma, kabza kavrama, nişan alma, nefes alma, tetik ezme, nişana devam ve kolun inişi aşamalarını biyomekaniksel açıdan incelemek ve bugüne kadar yapılan araştırmalar ışığında doğru tekniğin nasıl olması gerektiğiyle ilgili genel bilgi vermektir. Bu araştırma, geleneksel derleme türünde tasarlanmıştır ve veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın antrenör ve uygulayıcıların antrenman planlarını hazırlarken biyomekanik araştırmalardan yararlanmalarına ve tekniğin doğru öğretimi için gereken süreyi kısaltmalarına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Atıcılık; havalı tabanca; biyomekanik; kinematik
ABSTRACT
 Shooting is an olympic sport with more than fifteen categories. However, the most common sub-discipline is the air weapons (gun and rifle) disciplines that athletes of all ages can participate and the number of athletes is the highest. Air pistol discipline is a sport in which the athletes take a position against a fixed target in indoor shooting ranges and includes 60 shots at the target for 75 minutes. Air pistol shooting is one of the disciplines that most demanding technical accuracy, but also requires extreme precision for success. The inaccuracy rate is so low that a millimetric error made while shooting can cause large deviations in direct proportion to the target distance. There are many physical, physiological, psychological and biomechanical factors that affect the performance of the athlete during shooting. In pistol shooting, technical components play an important role for high sportive performance. Therefore, examining technical components with biomechanical studies to increase shooting efficiency makes it possible to see the scope and limitations of motor movement more clearly. The aim of this study was to examine the technical phases of air pistol shooting, which are taking a position, handgrip, aiming, breathing control, trigger crush, keep aiming and arm descent from a biomechanical perspective, and to give general information about how the correct technique should be in the light of previous research. This research is a traditional review and document analysis method was used as the data collection. As a result, it is thought that this study may contribute to the coaches and practitioners to benefit from biomechanical researches while preparing training plans and to shorten the time required for the correct teaching of the technique.

Keywords: Shooting; air pistol; biomechanics; kinematics
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