Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Hava Kirliliği ve Obezite İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Geleneksel Derleme
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Air Pollution and Obesity: Traditional Review
Merve YILDIRIMa , Buse AKSOYa, Aytekin İDİKUTb, Zeynep Begüm KALYONCU ATASOYa
aİstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Göğüs Hastalıkları Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(2):334-42
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-94176
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar hava kirliliğine maruz kalmanın çeşitli yaş gruplarında farklı hastalıklara sebebiyet verdiğini göstermektedir. Hava kirliliği, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, solunum yetersizliği, çeşitli kanserler ve obezite görülme sıklığı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Çeşitli hava kirletici partikül maddeler (PM2,5, PM10), azot dioksit ve kükürtdioksidin ayrı ayrı veya birlikte, popülasyonda artan obezite ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Dış ortam veya iç mekân hava kirliliğine maruz kalan bireylerin beden kitle indeksinde, bel çevresinde, vücut yağ miktarında artış bulunmuştur. Hava kirliliği oksidatif stresi, yağ doku inflamasyonunu ve karaciğerde yağ birikimini artırarak iskelet kaslarında glukoz kullanımını azaltmaktadır. Metabolik sendrom gelişimi ile yakın ilişkili olan bu mekanizmaya ek olarak hava kirliliğinin vücut ağırlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin kalp hastalıkları ve kanserler gibi çeşitli kronik hastalıkları artırarak obeziteye sebep olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak, dış ortam hava kalitesinin kötü olması dışarıda egzersiz yapma isteğini azaltarak fiziksel aktivite sıklığının da azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Farklı ülkelerde yapılan boylamsal çalışmalar hamilelikten itibaren iç ve dış ortam hava kirliliğine maruziyetin ileri çocukluk yaşlarından itibaren adiposite ile ilişkilendirmekte olup; bu durumun ileri yaşlarda obezite riskini artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Hava kirliliği maruziyetinin hızla artmasına rağmen bu durumun obezite ile olan ilişkisinin incelendiği çalışmalar oldukça kısıtlıdır. Obezite gibi hava kirliliği de yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu sebeple bu derlemenin amacı, artan hava kirliliğini ve buna maruziyetin obezite ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hava kirliliği; obezite; çevre
ABSTRACT
 Studies conducted in recent years show that exposure to air pollution causes different diseases in various age groups. Air pollution is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory failure, various cancers and obesity. Various air pollutant particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, separately or together, are thought to be associated with increased obesity in the population. An increase in body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat were found in individuals exposed to outdoor or indoor air pollution. Air pollution decreases glucose utilization in skeletal muscles by increasing oxidative stress, adipose tissue inflammation and fat accumulation in the liver. In addition to this mechanism, which is closely related to the development of metabolic syndrome, it is thought that the effects of air pollution on body weight may cause obesity by increasing various chronic diseases such as heart diseases and cancers. Moreover, poor outdoor air quality reduces the desire to exercise outdoors, leading to a decrease in the frequency of physical activity. Longitudinal studies conducted in different countries associate exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution throughout lifecourse, from pregnancy to later childhood, to adiposity, which may increase the risk of obesity in later life. Despite the rapid increase in air pollution exposure, studies examining the relationship between this condition and obesity have been limited. Like obesity, air pollution is a common public health problem. For this reason, the aim of this review is to evaluate the increasing air pollution and its relationship with obesity.

Keywords: Air pollution; obesity; environment
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