Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Hastanelerde Mahremiyet İhlalleri: Geleneksel Derleme
Violations of Privacy in Hospitals: Traditional Review
Elif AKYÜZa
aKırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2023;31(1):84-90
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-93100
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Mahremiyet kavramı birçok disiplinde kullanılmakta ve sağlık hizmetlerinde önemli kavramlardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mahremiyet, bir kişinin toplumdan gönüllü ve geçici olarak fiziksel veya psikolojik yollarla uzaklaşması, benliği üzerindeki kişisel kontrolü, kendi başına kalabileceği özel alana sahip olması ve kişisel bilgilerin korunmasını sağlaması olarak tanımlanabilir. Sağlık hizmetinin doğası gereği sağlık profesyonelleri hastaya fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik yönden yakın temas hâlinde çalışmakta, hastanın özel anlarına şahit olmakta ve hastaya ait her türlü bilgiye ulaşabilmektedir. Hastaların, hastane ortamında mahremiyet gereksinimleri yüksek olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Fiziksel olarak hastane ortamının ise bireyin kendi fiziksel ve sosyal çevresinden farklı özellikleri vardır. Ayrıca hastaneler, bireyin kişisel kontrolünü sürdürmekte zorlandığı bir ortamdır. Hastane ortamında bireylerin mahremiyet kaybına neden olabilecek birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Literatürde hastanelerde gerçekleşen mahremiyet ihlalleri bildirilmektedir. Bu ihlaller arasında hem fiziksel olarak diğerlerinin görmesine neden olabilecek uygulamalar ile hem de bireye ait bilgilerin ifşasına neden olabilecek uygulamalar yer almaktadır. Hastaların çoğunlukla bildirdikleri mahremiyet ihlalleri arasında; tıbbi uygulamalar sırasında hastanın vücudunun başkalarının görebilecek şekilde uygulama yapılması, gereksiz sağlık personellerinin tedavi ve bakım sürecine dâhil edilmesi, hastaya ait bilgi ve fotoğrafların sosyal medyada paylaşılması, izinsiz hastanın kişisel alanına müdahale edilmesi yer almaktadır. Hastanın mahremiyetinin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesinde sağlık çalışanları bireyin mahremiyet tercihlerini göz önünde bulundurarak, maksimum özen göstermesi gerekmektedir. Bu geleneksel derlemede, hastanelerde mahremiyet ihlallerine yönelik literatür incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hastane; mahremiyet ihlali; sağlık hizmeti; bakım; derleme
ABSTRACT
 The concept of privacy is used in many disciplines and is accepted as one of the crucial concepts in healthcare. Privacy can be defined as a person's voluntary and temporary withdrawal from society by physical or psychological means, personal control over his/her self, having a private space where he/she can be alone, and ensuring the protection of personal information. Due to the nature of healthcare, health professionals work in close contact with the patient in terms of physical, social and psychological aspects, witnessing the patient's private moments and accessing all kinds of information about the patient. The privacy requirements of the patients in the hospital environment are considered high. Physically, the hospital environment has different characteristics from the individual's own physical and social environment. In addition, hospitals are an environment where the individual has difficulty maintaining personal control. There are many factors that can cause individuals to lose their privacy in the hospital environment. Privacy violations in hospitals are reported in the literature. Among these violations, there are applications that may cause others to see physically and applications that may cause the disclosure of information belonging to the individual. Among the most frequently reported privacy violations by patients are; applying the interventions in a way that others can see during the medical application, involvement of nonnecessary health professionals in the treatment and care process, sharing the patient's information and photos on social media, and interfering with the patient's personal space without permission. In ensuring and maintaining the privacy of the patient, healthcare professionals must take maximum care by considering the privacy preferences of the individual. In this traditional review, the literature on privacy violations in hospitals was reviewed.

Keywords: Hospital; violation of privacy; healthcare; care; review
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30.03.2014

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