Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Hastanede Yatan Çocukların ve Ailelerin Manevi Bakım Gereksinimleri: Geleneksel Derleme
Spiritual Care Needs of Hospitalized Children and Their Families: Traditional Review
Hilal KURT SEZERa , Emine GEÇKİLb
aNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Zübeyde Hanım Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Niğde, Türkiye
bNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2024;32(2):143-52
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2023-99483
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Manevi bakım uygulamaları günümüzde hasta çocuğun ve ailelerin memnuniyetlerini, tedaviye uyumlarını ve yaşam kalitelerini artırmak için hemşirelik bakımının önemli bir parçası olarak kabul görmektedir. İnsanlarla birebir etkileşim içindeki hemşirelik mesleği, bireyi oluşturan tüm boyutlarını koruması ve sürdürmesinde kişiye yardımcı olmalıdır. Hemşireler, etiğin en önemli maddelerinden olan özerkliğe saygı doğrultusunda bakım verdiği bireylere saygı duymalıdır. Bakım aşamasında çocukların ve ailelerinin kendi kararlarını vermede kişisel hakları olduğunu kabul etmelidir. Manevi bakım multidisipliner bir ekip anlayışı ile etkin iletişim becerilerinin kullanılmasını, hasta bir çocuğun kaygılarını, endişelerini ve isteklerini anlamayı, çocuğun ve ailenin gereksinim duyduğu ihtiyaçlarına destek olmayı gerektirir. Bunu yaparken de çocuğun ve ailenin gereksinimlerinin farklı olabileceği gerçeği unutulmamalıdır. Çocuğun hastalık ve hastanede yatış sürecine vereceği tepkide çocuğun içinde bulunduğu gelişim dönemi, hastalığın türü, semptomların şiddeti ve prognozu önemli rol oynayabilir. Çocuk hastalar veya aileleri kendilerine neler olduğunu anlamaya çalıştıkları dönemde manevi stres yaşayabilirler. Çocuk hastalar manevi stres yaşarken genellikle yalnızlıktan, dışlanmaktan, yanlış anlaşılmaktan, ağrı ile yüzleşmekten ve belirsizlik duygusundan dolayı korku yaşarlar. Hemşireler için bir çocuğun manevi gereksinimlerini belirleyip cevap vermek zor görünebilir. Çocukların yaş dönemlerine ve gelişimlerine göre bakım vermek manevi stresi önlemede önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, hastanede yatan çocukların ve ailelerin manevi bakım gereksinimleri, literatür bilgileri ışığında kapsamlı şekilde ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Aile; çocuk; maneviyat; hemşirelik; hastane
ABSTRACT
 Spiritual care practices are now accepted as an important part of nursing care to increase the satisfaction, treatment compliance and quality of life of sick children and their families. The nursing profession, which interacts one-on-one with people, should help the person protect and maintain all the dimensions that make up the individual. Nurses should respect the individuals they care for in line with respect for autonomy, which is one of the most important articles of ethics. In the caring phase must recognize that children and their families have the personal right to make their own decisions. Spiritual care requires the use of effective communication skills with a multidisciplinary team approach, understanding the concerns, anxieties and wishes of a sick child, and supporting the needs of the child and the family. While doing this, it should not be forgotten that the needs of the child and the family may be different. The child's developmental stage, type of disease, severity of symptoms and prognosis may play an important role in the child's response to the disease and hospitalization process. Pediatric patients or their families may experience emotional stress as they try to understand what is happening to them. While pediatric patients experience spiritual stress, they often experience fear of loneliness, exclusion, misunderstanding, facing pain, and a sense of uncertainty. It may seem difficult for nurses to identify and respond to a child's spiritual needs. Giving care to children according to their age and development is important in preventing spiritual stress. In this study, the spiritual care needs of hospitalized children and their families have been comprehensively discussed in the light of literature.

Keywords: Family; child; spirituality; nursing; hospital
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