Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Hastaların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ile Hasta Katılımı Arasındaki İlişkide Algılanan İletişim Engellerinin Aracı Rolü: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
The Mediator Role of Perceived Communication Barriers in the Relationship Between Patients' Health Literacy and Patient Participation: Cross-Sectional Study
Rahime Nur DEMİRa , Mustafa KOCAKAYAb
aBayburt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi AD, Bayburt, Türkiye
bAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi AD, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(4):867-74
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2024-103752
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık okuryazarlığı ile hasta katılımı arasındaki ilişkide algılanan iletişim engellerinin aracı rolünü araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen kriterleri karşılayan 481 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Bayburt şehir merkezinde ikamet eden bireylerden toplanmıştır. Ayrıca veriler, çevrim içi yöntemler ile elde edilmiştir. Paket programları kullanılarak doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %57,8'i kadın, %31,2'si 18-24 yaş aralığında, %52,2'si bekâr, %30,4'ü lisans mezunu ve %42,6'sının 0-17.000 TL hane gelirine sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Veriler Bayburt il merkezinde ikamet eden bireylerden toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların belirli bir hane gelirine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Tüm değişkenler arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık okuryazarlığının iletişim engelleri üzerinde (β=0,433; p<0,001), sağlık okuryazarlığının hasta katılımı üzerinde (β=0,642; p<0,001) ve hasta merkezli iletişim engellerinin hasta katılımı üzerinde (β=0,257; p<0,001) anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hasta merkezli iletişim engellerinin analize dâhil edilmesiyle sağlık okuryazarlığının hasta katılımı üzerindeki etkisinin devam ettiği ancak azaldığı (β=0,530; p<0,001) görülmüştür. Sonuç: Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin artışı, algılanan iletişim engellerini azaltabileceği gibi hasta katılımını artırabilir. Algılanan iletişim engelinin olmaması da hasta katılımı artırabilecek bir etkidir. Algılanan iletişim engelleri, sağlık okuryazarlığının hasta katılımı ilişkine aracılık etmektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler, incelenen örnekleme göre değişebilmektedir. Literatürde yer alan araştırma sonuçlarının birbirinden farklı olmasına bağlı olarak hasta katılımı etkileyen unsurların hastalığa ve bölgeye göre özel olarak araştırılması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık okuryazarlığı; sağlık yönetimi; hasta merkezli iletişim; iletişim engeli
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of perceived communication barriers in the relationship between health literacy and patient participation. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 481 participants who met the criteria determined by the purposeful sampling method. The data was obtained using online methods. Confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were applied using package programs. Results: 57.8% of the participants are women, 31.2% are between the ages of 18-24, 52.2% are single, 30.4% are undergraduate graduates and 42.6% earn 0-17,000 TL. The data were collected from individuals residing in the city center of Bayburt. They were found to have household income. A significant and positive relationship was detected between all variables. Health literacy had a significant and positive effect on communication barriers (β=0.433; p<0.001), health literacy on presenting the disease (β=0.642; p<0.001) and patient-centered communication barriers on presenting to the patient (β=0.257; p<0.001) effect was determined. Within the analysis of patient-centered communication barriers, the effect of health literacy on patient change continued but decreased (β=0.530; p<0.001). Conclusion: Increasing the level of health literacy can reduce perceived communication barriers and increase patient participation. The absence of a perceived communication barrier is also an effect that can increase patient participation. Perceived communication barriers mediate the relationship between health literacy and patient engagement. The relationships between variables may vary depending on the sample examined. Since the research results in the literature differ from each other, it would be useful to investigate the factors affecting patient participation specifically according to the disease and region.

Keywords: Health literacy; health management; patient-centered communication; communication barriers
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