Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Halk Sağlığı Bakış Açısıyla Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 'Ruh Sağlığı Yasası İçin 10 Temel Prensip' Kriterleri Kapsamında Ruh Sağlığı Kanunu Teklifinin Değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of the Mental Health Law Proposal from the Public Health Perspective Within the Scope of the 'Mental Health Law: 10 Basic Principles' Criteria of the World Health Organization
Eray ÖNTAŞa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):337-44
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-73487
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Küresel hastalık yükü çalışmasında, bir ruhsal bozukluğu olanların tüm nüfus içindeki payı %13 olarak saptanmıştır. Türkiye'de nüfusun %17,2'si, yaşam boyu bir ruhsal hastalık yaşamaktadır ve ruhsal sorunu olanların yalnızca %14'ünün, herhangi bir uzmana başvurduğu saptanmıştır. Kişinin çevresiyle bir bütün olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu durum, ailelerini ve birlikte yaşayan toplumu etkileyen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Ruh sağlığı ile ilgili mevcut yasal düzenlemeler, özellikle istemsiz yatışlar, hasta hakları, çalışanların yetki ve sorumlulukları, mesleki sınır ihlalleri ile yetkinliği standardizasyonu gibi alanlarda yetersiz kalmakta ve bu eksikliklere bağlı olarak günümüzde bazı sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)'nün, ülkelerin ruh sağlığı yasalarını oluştururken gözetilmesini önerdiği 'Ruh Sağlığı Yasası: 10 Temel İlke' metnindeki 10 madde ve bunlara ait alt maddeler ekseninde mevcut yasa teklifi, içerik analizi tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Temel ilkelerin ve alt boyutlarının, kanun teklifinde kapsanma derecesi 'Evet, Hayır, Kısmen' şeklinde değerlendirilmiş, ilgili maddelerin numaraları belirtilmiştir. DSÖ'nün temel ilkeleri göz önüne alındığında, kanun teklifinde belirli maddelerin gerekçesine uygun yazılmadığı, farklı yorumlanmalara açık olduğu, tüm alt boyutlarıyla ele alınmadığı, detaylarının kanun çıktıktan sonra belirlenmesi gibi açıklamalarla henüz tamamlanmadan birçok boyutuyla eksik olduğu saptanmıştır. İnsan hakları, topluma entegrasyon, sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini geliştirme, ruh sağlığı dışındaki sektörlerle bağlantı ekseninde ruh sağlığı mevzuatının olması, uygulanması ve denetlenmesi elzemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanunlar ve yasalar; ruh sağlığı mevzuatı; yasalar; tıbbi; toplum ruh sağlığı
ABSTRACT
 In the Global Burden of Disease study, the share of people with a mental disorder in the whole population was 13%. 17.2% of the population in Turkey is having at least one mental illness in their lifetime; It has been determined that only 14% of those with mental problems consult a specialist. This is an important public health problem affecting the family and the community together, given that the individual is a whole with his environment. The current legislation is inadequate especially in areas such as involuntary hospitalizations, patient rights, employee authorization and responsibilities, occupational border violations, standardization of competence so some problems are still experienced. In this study, content analyse technique was performed to evaluate the current mental health law proposal by the public health perspective within the scope of the 'Mental Health Law: 10 Basic Principles' criteria of the World Health Organization. The degree of coverage of the basic principles and sub-dimensions in the draft law is evaluated as Yes, No, Partially and the numbers of the related articles are indicated. When the basic principles of the World Health Organization are taken into consideration, it has been found that certain articles in the law proposal are not written in accordance with the reason, are open to different interpretations, are not handled in all their sub-dimensions, and that their details are incomplete in many dimensions before they are completed yet. It is essential to have, implement and monitor mental health legislation in the axis of human rights, integration into society, improving the quality of health services and cooperation with other sectors.

Keywords: Laws and statutes; mental health legislation; legislation; medical; public mental health
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