Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

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Göçmenlere Yönelik Transkültürel Yaklaşımlar; Berlin Örneği: Deneyim Paylaşımı
Transcultural Approaches to Immigrants; The Case of Berlin: Sharing Experice
Neslihan YILMAZ SEZER a, Mehmet BALLIKAYAb, Selviye SPRİEWALD b
aAnkara Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bAliacare Ambulanter Pflegedienst, Berlin, ALMANYA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):172-8
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-74755
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde uluslararası göçün artması, farklı kültürlerin daha fazla karşılaşmasına neden olmakta ve pek çok açıdan birbirinden tümüyle farklı bireyler aynı ortamda yaşamak durumunda kalmaktadır. Bununla birlikte göçmenler, göç ettikleri ülkeye kültürlerini de beraberlerinde götürmekte ve temel insan gereksinimlerini kendi kültürlerine uygun şekilde karşılamak istemektedirler. Bu durum göçmenlerin, hem sosyal yaşamlarında hem de sağlık bakımı alanında kültürel uyum sorunları yaşamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu uyum sorunlarının üstesinden gelebilmek için transkültürel yaklaşımların benimsenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Çok farklı ülkelerden göç alan Almanya'da, hem sosyal hem de sağlık alanında kültüre duyarlı çeşitli hizmetler yürütülmektedir. Bu hizmetlerden birisi yaşlı göçmenlere verilen bakımın kültüre duyarlı olarak sunulabilmesi için kurulan 'Wohngemeinschaft' adı verilen ortak yaşam evleridir. Berlin başta olmak üzere Almanya'da da bu konuda örnek alınabilecek birçok kurum vardır. Bu makalede transkültürel yaklaşımın önemi konu edinilmiş, bu doğrultuda Almanya'da göçmenlere yönelik sosyal yaşamda transkültürel yaklaşıma duyarlı uygulamalar ve göçmen Türk hastalara sunulan transkültürel bakım uygulamalarına ilişkin gözlem ve deneyim paylaşımı amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen gözlem ve deneyimler sonucunda transkültürel yaklaşımların, bireylerin yaşam kalitelerini artırdığı kanısına varılmıştır. Ülkemizde de giderek artan göçmen sayısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, özellikle sağlık profesyonellerinin transkültürel yaklaşımlar konusunda duyarlılıklarını artırmak için stratejiler geliştirilmesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Göç ve göçmenlik; kültür; kültürlerarası hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Today, the increase in international migration causes different cultures to encounter more and in many respects completely different individuals have to live in the same environment. In addition, immigrants take their culture to the country they migrate to and want to meet basic human needs in accordance with their own culture. This situation causes immigrants to experience cultural adaptation problems both in their social life and in the field of health care. In order to overcome these adaptation problems, it is inevitable to adopt transcultural approaches. In Germany, which receives immigrants from many different countries, a variety of cultural services are carried out both in the social and health fields. One of them is the communal living houses called 'Wohngemeinschaft', established to serve culturally sensitive care to elderly immigrants. In Germany, especially in Berlin, there are many institutions that can be taken as an example in this regard. This article discusses the importance of transcultural approach. In this direction, it was aimed to share observations and experiences regarding the practices sensitive to transcultural approach in social life for immigrants and transcultural care practices offered to immigrant Turkish patients in Germany. As a result of the observations and experiences obtained, it is concluded that transcultural approaches increase the quality of life of individuals. Considering the increasing number of immigrants in our country, it has been suggested to develop strategies to increase the sensitivity of especially health professionals on transcultural approaches.

Keywords: Emigration and immigration; culture; transcultural nursing
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