Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Fizik Tedavi Polikliniğine Ağrı ile Başvuran Hastalarda Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Hakkındaki Farkındalığın Değerlendirilmesi: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Araştırma
Evaluation of the Awareness of Patients Who Apply to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic with Pain About Traditional and Complementary Medical Practices: Descriptive and Cross-sectional Research
Sebahat AYDİLa, Çiğdem ARİFOĞLU KARAMANa, Okan KÜÇÜKAKKAŞb
aMetin Sabancı Baltalimanı Kemik Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bBezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2021;4(2):227-37
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2021-82248
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp (GETAT) uygulamaları dünyada gerek primer tedavi, gerek kültürel ve tarihi etkilerin yansıması, gerekse de modern tıbbi tedavilerin tamamlayıcısı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kronik kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları ve ağrı GETAT'a başvuru nedenleri arasında önemli bir yer kaplamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Kemik Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Polikliniğine ağrı ile başvuran hastaların GETAT uygulamaları ile ilgili farkındalığını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı çalışmada veriler yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile doldurulan anketle elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Üç yüz on sekiz hastanın %73,3'ü GETAT uygulamaları ile ilgili bilgi sahibidir, %32,1'i daha önce GETAT yaptırmıştır. En çok bilinen ve yaptırılan uygulamalar sırasıyla hacamat, masaj ve sülüktür. Bitkisel tedaviler ve gıda takviyelerinin kullanım oranı %43,7'dir. Hastaların büyük bir kısmı kronik ağrı nedeniyle GETAT'a başvurmuş olup en sık başvuru nedeni sırt ağrısıdır. GETAT uygulamalarıyla ilgili bilgilere en çok kitle iletişim araçları ve internet aracılığıyla ulaşılmaktadır. Hastaların %49,4'ü sağlık çalışanlarından GETAT ile ilgili yeterli bilgi alamadığını ifade etmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile GETAT uygulamalarına yönelme durumunun bu konuda bilgi sahibi olma ile yakından ilişkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Kronik hastalıkların yarattığı psikososyal yük ve modern tıbbi tedavilerden yeterli yanıt alınamaması gibi nedenlerle GETAT uygulamalarına duyulan ilgi artmaktadır. Bu ilginin artışında son dönemde sosyal mecralar ve internet gibi bilgiye ulaşma yollarının artması da etkili olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla doğru bilgiye ulaşılması, doğru tedavi yöntemlerinin seçimi ve istenmeyen etkilerin önlenmesi açısından hastaların sağlık çalışanları tarafından bilgilendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağrı; geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp; alternatif tedavi
ABSTRACT
Objective: Traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) practices are used in the world both as primary treatment, as a reflection of cultural and historical effects, and as a complement to modern medical treatments. Chronic musculoskeletal diseases and pain have an important place among reasons for applying to TCM. The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness of patients who applied to İstanbul Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Education and Research Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics with pain about TCM. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, data were obtained through a questionnaire filled with face-toface interview technique. Results: 73.3% of 318 patients have knowledge about TCM, 32.1% reported TCM use before. Patients were most familiar with cupping, massage and leech, respectively, and they mostly had these treatments. 43.7% of patients used herbal treatments/food supplements. Most of the patients applied for TCM due to chronic pain, most commonly back pain. Patients are mostly informed about TCM through mass media and the internet. 49.4% of patients stated that they could not get enough information about TCM from healthcare professionals. Conclusion: It was observed that applying to TCM is closely related to having knowledge on this subject. Patients' interest in TCM is increasing due to psychosocial burden of chronic diseases and insufficient response from modern medical treatments. Recently, the increase in ways of accessing information such as social media and internet is also effective in the increase of this interest. Therefore, healthcare professionals should inform patients in order to refer them to the appropriate treatment methods and prevent undesirable effects.

Keywords: Pain; traditional medicine; complementary treatments
REFERENCES:
  1. World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023. WHO Library Cataloguing-in Publication Data; 2013. [Link] 
  2. World Health Organization. Acupuncture: Review and analysis of reports on controlled clinical trials. WHO Library Cataloguing-in- Publication Data. Geneva, Switzerland; 2002. [Link] 
  3. Florence CS, Zhou C, Luo F, Xu L. The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse, and Dependence in the United States, 2013. Med Care. 2016;54(10):901-6. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Hah JM, Bateman BT, Ratliff J, Curtin C, Sun E. Chronic opioid use after surgery: Implications for perioperative management in the face of the opioid epidemic. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1733-40. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Fregoso G, Wang A, Tseng K, Wang J. Transition from acute to chronic pain: Evaluating risk for chronic postsurgical pain. Pain Physician. 2019;22(5):479-88. [PubMed] 
  6. Committee on Children with Disabilities. American Academy of Pediatrics: Counseling families who choose complementary and alternative medicine for their child with chronic illness or disability. Committee on Children With Disabilities. Pediatrics. 2001;107(3):598-601. Erratum in: Pediatrics 2001;108(2):507. [PubMed] 
  7. Barnes J. Quality, efficacy and safety of complementary medicines: fashions, facts and the future. Part II: Efficacy and safety. Br J Clin Phar macol. 2003;55(4):331-40. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Özer Z, Bahçecioğlu Turan G, Bakır E. Dahiliye polikliniğine başvuran hastaların geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıbba karşı tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler [Attitude of patients admitted to internal diseases polyclinic towards conventional and complementary medicine and the affecting factors]. J Health Pro Res. 2020;2(3):102-12. [Link] 
  9. Resmî Gazete (27.10.2014, Sayı: 29158) sayılı Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Yönetmeliği; 2014. p.3-28. [Link] 
  10. Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. Res Nurs Health. 1997;20(3):269-74. [PubMed] 
  11. Oral B, Öztürk A, Balcı E, Sevinç N. Aile sağlığı merkezine başvuranların geleneksel /alternatif tıpla ilgili görüşleri ve kullanım durumu [State of opinions and use about traditional / alternative medicine who applied to family health center]. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2016;15(2):75. [Link] 
  12. Sağkal T, Demiral S, Odabaş H, Altunok E. Kırsal kesimde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi yöntemlerini kullanma durumları [Complementary and alternative treatment methods among elderly individuals in living rural setting]. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Tıp Derg. 2013;27(1):19-26. [Link] 
  13. Elolemy AT, Albedah AM. Public knowledge, attitude and practice of complementary and alternative medicine in riyadh region, saudi arabia. Oman Med J. 2012;27(1):20-6. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Shumer G, Warber S, Motohara S, Yajima A, Plegue M, Bialko M, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use by visitors to rural Japanese family medicine clinics: results from the international complementary and alternative medicine survey. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:360. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Robinson MM, Zhang X. The world medicines situation 2011, traditional medicines: Global situation, issues and challenges. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011:1-2. [Link] 
  16. Şimşek B, Yazgan Aksoy D, Calık Başaran N, Taş D, Albasan D, Kalaycı MZ. Mapping traditional and complementary medicine in Turkey. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2017; 5:68-72. [Link] 
  17. Tan M, Uzun O, Akçay F. Trends in complementary and alternative medicine in eastern Turkey. J Altern Complement Med. 2004;10(5):861-5. [PubMed] 
  18. Şaş S, Büyükturan Ö, Büyükturan B. Kas iskelet sistemi hastalıklarında tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemleri kullanım sıklığının değerlendiril mesi [Assessment of complementary and alternative medicine methods in patients with musculoskeletal system diseases]. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. 2018;8(3):481-8. [Link] 
  19. Gungormus Z, Kiyak E. Ağrı yaşayan bireylerin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedaviye ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of individuals who suffer from pain towards complementary and alternative medicines]. Agri: The Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology. 2012;24(3):123-30. [Link] 
  20. Ulusoy H, Kaya Güçer T, Aksu M, Arslan Ş, Habiboğlu A, Akgöl G, et al. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in Turkish patients with rheumatic diseases. Archives of Rheumatology. 2012;27(1):31-7. [Link] 
  21. Frass M, Strassl RP, Friehs H, Müllner M, Kundi M, Kaye AD. Use and acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among the general population and medical personnel: a systematic review. Ochsner J. 2012;12(1):45-56. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Dedeli Ö, Karadakovan A. Yaşlı bireylerde ilaç kullanımı, tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi uygulamalarının incelenmesi [Investigation of complementary and alternative medicine practice and drug use in the elderly]. Spatula Dd. 2011;1(1):23-32. [Link] 
  23. World Health Organization. Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary. World Health Organization; 2001. [Link] 
  24. Fjær EL, Landet ER, McNamara CL, Eikemo TA. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Europe. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020;20:1-9. [Link] 
  25. Kılıç KN, Soylar P. Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarına başvuran bireylerin tutumları, başvurma nedenleri ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of attitudes, reasons and satisfaction levels of individuals who apply to traditional and complementary medicine practices]. J Tradit Complem Med. 2019;2(3):97-105. [Link] 
  26. Araz A, Harlak H, Meşe G. Sağlık davranışları ve alternatif tedavi kullanımı [Health behaviors and alternative medicine use]. Kor Hek. 2007;6(2): 112-22. [Link] 
  27. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report. 2008;(12):1-23. [PubMed] 
  28. Klingberg E, Wallerstedt SM, Torstenson T, Håwi G, Forsblad-d'Elia H. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in outpatients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in Sweden. Scand J Rheumatol. 2009;38(6):472-80. [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com