Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Farklı Kültürel Uygulamaların Sağlığa Etkisi
The Effect of Different Culturel Practices on Health
Deniz Sümeyye YORULMAZa, Havva KARADENİZb
aArtvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği ABD, Artvin, TÜRKİYE
bKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Halk Sağlığı ABD, Trabzon, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(2):418-23
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-77145
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Farklı kültürlere sahip bireylere bakım verme ihtiyacından ortaya çıkan 'transkültürel hemşirelik' kavramı, Leininger tarafından 1959 yılında tanımlanmıştır. Leininger'e göre kültürel değerler, inançlar, yaşam tarzı, din gibi pek çok etmen sağlık, hastalık ve ölüm uygulamalarını etkilemektedir. Transkültürel hemşirelik modelinin amacı; birey, aile veya topluma kültüre duyarlı ve etkili hemşirelik bakımı sunmaktır. Halk sağlığının temel ilkelerine göre hemşire, sağlık hizmetlerinin planlanmasında ve uygulanmasında birey veya toplumun görüşlerini almalı, fiziksel, sosyal ve kültürel çevre ile bütünlük sağlayacak şekilde girişimlerde bulunmalıdır. Kültür, sağlık ve halk sağlığı için oldukça önemli bir kavramdır. Bireyi veya toplumu sahip olduğu kültürel değerlerden ayrı tutarak değerlendirmek mümkün değildir. Hemşire; birey, aile ve toplumun sağlık ve hastalık ile ilgili davranışlarının, inançlarının ve sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımının arkasında hangi kültürel etmenlerin yer aldığını bilmeli, uygulama ve girişimlerinde kültürel özellikleri dikkate almalıdır. Bu derlemede, transkültürel hemşirelik yaklaşımının hemşirelik bakımına etkisine değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Transkültürel hemşirelik; hemşirelik bakımı; kültür; sağlık
ABSTRACT
 The 'transcultural nursing' concept, which arose from the need to provide care for individuals of different cultures, was first described by Leininger in 1959. According to Leininger, numerous factors, such as cultural values, beliefs, lifestyle, and religion affect the practices of health, disease and death. The transcultural nursing model aims to provide culture-sensitive and effective nursing care to the individuals, families or community. According to the basic principles of public health, nurses should learn the opinions of the individuals or society in the planning and implementation of health services, and should carry out interventions that conform to the physical, social and cultural environment. Culture is a quite important concept for health care and public health. It is not possible to consider the individuals or society separate from their cultural values. Nurses should be aware of the cultural factors behind the health care and disease-related behaviors, beliefs and the healthcare service uses of the individuals, families and community, and should take into account the cultural characteristics in their practices and interventions. In this review, the effect of the transcultural nursing approach on nursing care was discussed.

Keywords: Transcultural nursing; nursing care; culture; health
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