Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Farklı Kasılma Çeşitlerinin Postaktivasyon Potansiyeline Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Investigation Effects of Different Contraction Methods on Postactivation Potential
Serhat YAĞCIa, Serdar Orkun PELVANb
aSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü,
bMarmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2019;11(3):138-45
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2019-70160
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Postaktivasyon potansiyeli (PAP), meydana gelen bir kas kasılmasının, takip eden ikinci bir kasılmanın şiddetini artıracağı üzerine bir teoridir. Bu teori yapılan çalışmalarla desteklenmiş ve uzun süredir performans öncesi ısınma fazında kullanılan bir araç hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, elektromiyostimülasyon (EMS) ile kaslarda oluşturulan istemsiz kasılmaların PAP artışına etkisi incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında, istemli ve istemsiz kasılmaların PAP etkisi karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada katılımcıların quadriceps kas gruplarında rastgele sıra ile farklı günlerde olmak üzere leg ekstensiyon makinası ile (1 RM'nin %85'i ile 6 tekrar) veya EMS cihazı ile (6 tekrar 120 Hz, 4 sn kasılma 4 sn dinlenme) iki farklı kasılma yaratılmıştır. Uygulamalardan önce ve 30.sn, 1. dk ve 3. dk sonrasında elde edilen dikey sıçrama yükseklikleri tekrarlayan ölçümlerde ANOVA analizi ile 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde incelenerek iki farklı uygulamanın PAP oluşturma etkileri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma sonunda hem istemli kasılmalar hem de EMS ile oluşturulan istemsiz kasılmalar sonrası PAP cevabında anlamlı artış görülmüştür (p<0,05) İki uygulama arasında 30. sn ölçümlerinde PAP cevabında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken; 1. dk ve 3. dk ölçümlerinde istemli kasılmalar ile sağlanan PAP cevabı EMS uygulamasına göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Çalışma sonunda, hem istemli yüksek şiddetli kasılmaların hem de EMS ile oluşturulan kasılmaların takip eden patlayıcı kuvvet özellikli kasılmaların şiddetini artırabileceği ve bu artışın 3. dk'da hâlâ devam ettiği görülmüştür (p<0,05). Bunun yanında, LE uygulaması ile elde edilen PAP artışı EMS uygulamasına göre daha erken ve yüksek görülmüştür. Sonuç: Bulgular ışığında, EMS ile oluşturulan istemsiz kasılmalar ile PAP artışı sağlanabileceği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, EMS'nin özellikle sportif yaralanma geçmişi olan ve yaralanma riski taşıyan sporcular tarafından PAP oluşumunda kullanılabilecek güvenli bir araç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Postaktivasyon potansiyeli; elektromiyostimülasyon
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Postactivation potential (PAP) is a theory that a muscle contraction will increase the intensity of a subsequent contraction. This theory has been supported by the studies and has been used as a tool in pre competition phases. In this study, it was investigated whether involuntary contractions based on electromyostimulation (EMS) is effective to increase PAP responses. Moreover, it was compared the effects of high intensity voluntary contractions and involuntary contractions based on EMS on PAP. Material and Methods: In different days in a random order, quadriceps muscles of participants were stimulated with leg extension (LE) (%85 of one repetation maximum, 6 reps) or stimulations were applied with EMS device (6 reps in 120 Hz, 4 sec contraction, 4 sec relaxation). Height of vertical jump was measured just before and after 30. sec, first minute, and third minute of applicaiton in order to investigate PAP responses. Results: Both the voluntary contractions and involuntary contractions based on EMS increased PAP values at 1 min and 3 min. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PAP responses after the LE and EMS application at 30. sec (p<0.05). However, significant increases were observed for leg extension against EMS at 1 min and 3 min (p<0.05). It was seen that both voluntary high-intensity contractions and EMS-induced contractions may increase the intensity of subsequent explosive contractions and was seen that this increment is still continuing at 3rdminute. Additionally, the increment of PAP responses obtained by voluntary contractions was seen earlier and higher than involuntary contractions. Conclusion: To conclude, it was seen that involuntary contractions based on EMS can be used to increase PAP responses (p<0,05). In the light of findings, it is thought that EMS can be a useable tool particularly to reduce the risk of injury by athletes who have a history of sports injury and who are at risk of injury.

Keywords: Postactivation potential; electromyostimulation
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